The high incidence of thyroid abnormality in the
Marshallese emphasizes the caution with which
radiation must be used clinically, particularly in
children.
A resurvey of the Rongelap people was completed in
March, 1966, since this paper was written, The data are not
analyzed, and only a preliminary statement can be made.
There were 5 newcases of thyroid nodules, all in children.
The increase was possibly related to inadequate thyroidhormonetreatment in some cases. However, some beneficial
effect of the treatment wus noted, since a nodule disappeared in | case, and there appears to have been increased
yrowth rate in some of the retarded children. It ts planned
to bring some of these patients to the United States for
further study and possibly surgery. The results of these
latest studies will be the subject of a further communication.
Surgery on Cases | through 3 was performed by Captain
C. A. Broaddus (MC), USN. (United States Naval Hospital,
Guam), and on Cases 4 through 6 by Dr. Bentley 2. Colcock
(Lahey Clinic). The pathological diagnoses were bx Dr. G.
H. Klinck (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology) in Cases |
and 2, by Dr. H. A. Johnsop (Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory) in Case 3, and by Dr. W. A.
Meissner (New Enghind Deaconess Hospiutl), in Cases 4
through 6.
We are indebted to Drs. S. Warren, }. B. Stanbury, B. P.
Colcock, C. L. Dunham, V. P. Bond, H. D. Bruner, L. k.
Dahl J. E. Jesseph, H. Lb. Atkins, E. D. Henley and A.
Hicking for consultation und advice, to Drs. G. H. Klinck, S.
Lindsay, H. A. Johnson. W. A. Meissner. C. J. Stahl and LL.
V. Ackerman for pathological interpretation, to numerous
other thyroid experts with whom we have been in’ correspondence and to the United States Atomic Energy Com-
od Griesbach; W. E., Kennedy, T. H., and Purves, H. D. Studies on
experimental gottre. VI. Thyroid adenomata in rats on Brassica
seed diet. Brit, J. Exper, Path, 26:18-24, 1945.
Paschkis, K. E., Cantarow, A., and Stasney, J. Influence of thiouracil on carcinoma induced by 2-acetaminoHuorene, Cancer
Research 8:257-263, 1948,
. Money, W. L., and Rawson, R. W. Experimental production of
thyroid tumors in rat exposed to prolonged treatment with
thiouracyl. Cancer 3:321-335, 1950.
Morris, H. P., and Green, C.D. Role of thiowracil in induction,
growth and cransplantability of mouse Unyroid tumors, Science
114:44-46, 1951.
. Wollman, S. H. Production and properties of transplantable
tumors of thyroid gland in Fischer rat. Recent Progr. in Harmoue
Research 19:579-618, 1963.
. Doniach, 1. Comparison of carcinogenic effect of X-irradiation
with radiouctive iodine on rat's thyroid. Brit, J. Cancer 11:67-76,
1957.
Kneeland, V., et al. Comparison of carcinogenic effect of internal
and external irradiation of thyroid gland of male Long-Evans
rat. Endocrinology 61:574-581, 1957.
Lindsay, S., Sheline, G. E., Potter, G. D., and Chaikoff, EL.
Induction of neoplasms in thyroid gland of rat by x-irradiation
of gland. Cancer Research 2129-16, 1961.
. Goldberg, Ro C., and Chaikoff, 1. L. Development of thyroid
neoplasms in rat following single injection of radioactive iodine.
Prac, Soc. Exper, Biol, & Med. T6:563-566, 1051,
WW. Idem, Induction of thyroid cancer in rat by radioactive iodine.
Aich, Path, §3:22-98, 1952.
20, Potter, G.
DL,
Lindsay, S.. and) Chaikolf,
1b.
Induction of
neoplasms in rac thyroid: glands by low doses of radioiodine,
Ach, Path, 68:257-269, 1060,
~ Dontach, 1. and Willams, FLD. Development of Uhivioid aud
pituitary Cumours ino rac two sears after: partial thyroidectomy,
Brat, J. Cancer 16:2299-995, 1962.
. Goldberg, R. C., Lindsay, 5.. Nichols, C. W., Jr. and Chatkoll, 1
L. Induction of neoplasms in thyroid glands of rats by subtotal
thyroidectomy and by injection of one microcurie of I-TSL, Cancer
Research 24:35-44, (O64.
mission and the Trust Territory of the Pacihe Islands (De-
Bielschowsky, FL Neoplasia and internal environment. Bret f.
Cancer 9:80-116, 1955.
. Shuster, R. CL Dark repair of ultra-violet injury in A. coff during
purtnent of Enterior) for assistance in’ carrying out the
Marshallese surveys.
deprivation of thymine. Netiee (London) 2028114. 1964,
. Duth, Bo. Jr. and Fivgerald, Poof. Thyroid cancer in child:
REFERENCES
hood and adolescence: report of 28 cases. Cancer S21U TR1052,
1. Cronkite, BE. Pet al. Response of human beings accidentally
exposed to. significant fall-out: radiation. JtAl4d 159-430-454,
1953,
2. Conard, R. A. and Hicking, A. Medical findings in’ Marshallese
people exposed to fallout radiation: results from ten-veur studs,
wet
PUMA 192:457-459, 1965,
3. Sutow, WLW, Conard. Ro AL and Griffith, Ko MI. Growtls status
of children exposed to fallout: radiation on) Marshall {shinds.
Pediatric, 36:724-731, 1965,
Harts, P. Capublished dati.
» Cobn, S. H., et al. Internal deposition of radionuclides im human
beings and animals. In Cnited States Atomic Energy Comimis-
sion, Same Effects of dauzng Radation on Hrman Begs: A report
ane the Marshallese and Americans acententally expased to radiation from
fallout and a dieusion of sadiatien myury in the human being, Edited
by EL P. Cronkite, Vo P. Bond and GC. L. Dunham. 106 pp. Wash-
ington, D.C.: Government Printing Olice, 1956. Chapter 5. (VEC.
TED 3358.)
6 James, R.. and Gofman, J. CORE. (22735, December, 1964,
7. Mochizuki, Vo. Mowafv, Roo and Pasternack, Bo Weights of human thvtoids in) New York City. Health Phys 91209-1807,
16s.
R. Rall, J. E.. and Conard, Ro AL Elevation of serum protein-bound
iodine devel in mbhabitants of Marshall: Istunds. 4. J. Med. (in
press).
9, Aselrad. A. and Leblond, CoP. Thereid timer induction in rats
bv low todine diet with and without 2-acetslaminolluorene. Prec.
anf. Cancer Resear1:22, 1953.
1950.
26. Simpson, C. 0... Hempelmann, . H., and Fuller, bo Mo Neoplasia
in chiklven) treated with x-rays
in infancy for diame cobaygement. Radiology 64:840-845, 1955,
|
27. Winship, T. W. Personal conmenication,
Warren,
S$.
Alvivouri,
Mi,
and
Colcock,
BoP. Carcinoma of
2H,
thereid in childhood and adolescence. Cancer 6 EEIO-1EIG. 1954.
20, Sheline, G. EL, Lindsay, S.. MeCormack, KOR. and Galante, M.
Theroid nodules occurring hue after treatment of thyrotoxicosis
with radioiodine.J. Chi, Endoc inal, & Metab, 228-18, 1962.
Mb. Lindsay, S.. and Chaikoff, LL. Effects of irradiation on thyroid
gland with parucular reference to induction al thyroid ncoplaStans vetiew. Cancer Research 24: 1009.1107, 1964.
.
SE, Doniach, 1 Experimental induction: of qumors of unieid bs
3
radiation, Bot Mo Badl, T4181-183, O58,
Leblond, C. P and Walker, B. E. Renewal ofcell popalitions, Phys
tal. Reo, 3622
276, 1956.
%. Sacolow, Eo b., Hashizume, A., Neriishi, S., and Nitani, R.
Thyroid: Garchioni in tin after exposure to ionizing nadigen:
Summary of dindiogs in Hiroshini and) Naggasaki, New Bag.
Ved, 268:4106-410, LOGS.
Asnwood, BB. and Cassidy, C.F. Treatment of simple goiters
and: thyroid nodules with thyroid) harmone. In Chance’ Endocr
nology. Edited by E. 8. Astwood. Vol bE. 724 pp. New York: Grune,
1960. Pp, [B2-159,
Nichols, CG. W., Ju. Lindsay, Si. Sheline, G. B.. amd Chatkhofl, £
LL. Induction of neoplasms innit discoid glands by x-irradiation
of single lobe. tre. Path, BO.177-183, LOG,
36, Godwin, J.T. Personal conic aun,
Copyright, 1966, by the Massachusetts Medical Society
rinted in the