Part IV

Reactor Development
AIRCRAFT REACTORS @Seeee
Nuclear Propulsion for Manned Aircraft
Direct cycle approach.

The immediate objective of the direct cycle approach is to develop

and ground test by the fall of 1960 a nuclear propulsion system consisting of a preprototype

reactor with associated turbomachinery.

The series of reactor experiments continued at the National Reactor Testing Station to
‘investigate materials, components, and nuclear aircraft engine operation. Two significant experiments were performed with the Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment No. 2 (HTRE-2) during

the quarter. Ore was the test of an insert, consisting of unclad hydrided zirconium moderator

and nichrome fuel elements. The second was a meltdown test of a fuel element to obtain data
on the hazards associated with nuclear aircraft operation.

_ The insert, the third of a series tested in the parent core of the HTRE-2, was designed
primarily to determine the operational and engineering characteristics of unclad moderators
for use in the first nuclear aircraft power plant. On April 14 this insert completed 100 hours
operation with the moderator at the design condition of 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit. The test
run was highly successful and the insert materials showed no significant change. Since this
moderator material is to be used in the Heat Transfer Reactor Experiment No. 3 (HTRE-3)
and is planned for use in the first nuclear aircraft power plant (the XMA), the results are
encouraging,
In the mel:jown experiment the element melted was of nichrome material in a configuration similar to that used in previous heat transfer reactor experiments. The element was
melted in three to five seconds by a rise in temperature caused by restricting the airflow over
the element. No interaction with the reactor moderator or other fuel elements occurred.
Hazards data ~ ere obtained by extensive monitoring of the effluent in the ducting, in the stack,
and up to 15 m ‘les downwind, and by taking measurements to determine all applicable meteorological parameters. The diffusion conditions were good and the release cloud followed the
certerline of the instrumented test area. In general the experiment was a success. No hazard
was incurred, and considerable data were obtained which will be under analysis for the next
few months.

The HTRE-3, which is the first of the HTRE series to have a horizontal configuration and
to have a solid moderator, became critical in a series of low power experiments. Nuclear
power operaticn with the associated turbojet engines was planned for September 1958.

DOEARCHIVES

oe ~ 726

Select target paragraph3