a a Mr, Chairman, Congressmen and Observers: I have been asked to suxmarize the early effects of exposure of animals and man to external radintion with particular reference to the effects of fallout rediation on the Marshallese, the Los Alamos accident and radium, In addition I have been asked to comment on the beta burns in the Mershallese and other examples of beta burns, Since my personal experience is limited to the Marshallese and an imal experimentation I shall limit nyself to these and supply reference material for the others. It is quite impossible to cover all of this material in a reasonable period of time so I shall concentrate upon the effects of exposure to external radiation on animals and man with a clinical description of the syndrome of radiation sickness as a function of dose of radiation and highlight the discussion with illustrative material collected in the study of the Marshellese (1). My prepared statenent includes numerous references and further material that time will not permit discussion of st length here. Radiation syndromes vary as a function of the type of exposure, the dose and the time after exposure to radiation, In general rediation injuries can be divided into three general classes: a) The syndromes of whole body radiation injury produced by penetrating jonizing radiation which are dose and time dependent. b) Superficial radiation burns produced by soft radiations (beta and low energy x or gamma radiations). c) Radiation injury produced by the deposition of radionuclides within the body. In the latter case the clinical picture varies with the site and amount of deposition. Each of the ebove is associated with an early chase in which acute symptoms and signs mey be observed, and a late chase in which chronic changes or manifesta-= tions suck as cancer may be observed, I wish to exrhasize also that the cezree DOE ARCHIVES 31