41 progress, including chromosome counts, enumeration of aberrations, and karyotype analysis by NOELAP paste-ups of photographs. A few dicentric chromosomes and certain other aberrations have been noted in the examined group, but insufficient control material has been analyzed for any positive statements to be made at this time. Diebetic Survey. Based on biood sugar determinations as part of the routine urine analyses and fasting blood sugar determinations,it was found that 6 peopie had a diabetic tendency. Thefollowing had elevated fasting blood sugars (mg %): No. 853, 247; No. 893, 279; No. 936, 187: No. 991, 248; No. 1042, 180; No. 835 had a 3+ urine sugar but no blood sugar determination was done. lese living on Ebeye Island (Kwajalein Atoll), 10 members of the medical team, and 7 Americans who had been residing in the Marshall Islands for at least a year. The results are presented in Table 21. Again the Marshallese values are higher than the Caucasian values. Though the numberof samples involved is too smail for any positive statement to be made, the lower levels of the Marshallese living on Ebeye may have some meaning, since their environmentis quite different from that of the Rongelap residents (more westernized in _body water in me vear or more. copic examinaod cultures is in who had only been in the Islands a few weeks and the Americans who had resided there for at least a year is probably not significant.It is anticipated that this aspect of the problem will be further investigated on the next survey. Fouic Acip Determinations. Folic acid levels were below or in the low range of normal in 29% of the 129 Rongelap people teated. Fifteen percent were below 4 myg/mi and 16% in the borderline range of 4 to 7 myug/ml. The unexposed comparison population had slightly lower values than the exposed population. The generally low level of these Isiand people is attributed to a dietary deficiency of foods containing folic acid, mainly leafy vegetables. The levels were not sufficiently low to result in any hematological changes or apparentclinical effects. The individual vaiues for folic acid are presented in Appendix 17. Tue Ac System. The following statemens were made by Dr. B.S. Blumberg*: “The sera of patients who have received multiple transfusions may contain antibodie- against normal human serum components.'' The first example of such antibodies was reported in a patient (C.deB.) who had received =50 transfusions for the treatment of a refractory anemia of unknown etiology.'* By means of the Ouchterlony double-diffusion technique, it was shown that the antibody formed a precipitin with =55% of normal U.S. white and Negro sera. By twin, family, and population stud- ies'" it was shown that the presence or absence *Amociate Director for Clinecal Research, Inmiute for Cancer Research, Philadeiphua, Pa. Table 72 — Re wae ut Istanps As has been noted, the incidence of diabetes is tairly high in the Marshallese. I: is, however, of the type that develops in older people since no cases have been seen in younger people. Serelegicel Stwdies. Prorein Bounp loping Deteaminations. Protein boundiodine levels were determined in several groups of peapie during the past two surveys. The groups included 9 Marshallese living on Rongelap Atoll, 8 Marshal- food, etc.). A difference between the medical team Serum Tests Antisera reactors C deB. Population New York Location Total No. U.S. Negro Rongelap Atoll Maryland Georma 187 120 98 59 181 120 38 37 Greek Greece 203 72 203 38 Stoux Indian South Dakow 143 91 143 78 Micronesian U S. White Quechua Indian Peru 149 102 % Pos. 68 70 Total No. 149 102 % Pos. 9 36