his em ployment with such contracicc. Five persons in the exposed population died of disease: (1) a 46-year-old man with hypertensive heart disease which had been present at the time of exposure, who died 2 years after the accident; (2) a 78-year-old man who died, 3 years after exposure, of coronary heart disease complicating diabetes; (3) a 35-year-old man who died of acute varicella, 4 years after exposure, who had received only 69 rads, having been on Ailingnae at the time of the fallout; (4) a 60-year-old woman whodied of a cancer of the ovary at 5 years after exposure; and (5) a 78-year-old woman who died of traumauc vertebral fractures at 8 years after exposure. There was no apparentrelationship between any of these deaths and radiation exposure. Four deaths have occurred in the comparison population. The five deaths that have occurred in the exposed people since exposure represent a merta(:ty rate of 7.6 per 1000 population per annum, compared with 8.3 for the Marshall Islands as a whole. Growth and development studs on the children (height, weight, anthropometric measure ments, radiographicstudies for bone age) have revealed that slight retardation in growth anc development has occurred in the exposed boys who were under 12 years of age at the time of exposure, particulariy those 12 to 18 months of age at exposure. Onlyslight immaturity was noted in the exposed female children. It was also noted that children bom of exposed parents were slightly retarded and that they had slightly lower levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets, compared with maie children of unexposed parents. However, since the latter children were on the average 4 months older,the data did not justify a conclusion that the difference in saturr was associated with the exposure ofthe parents. tt was difficult to evaluate the effects on fertility. However. a review of the birth rate of the exposed group over the past 8 vears seems to indicate no noticeable effect of their exposure on fertility. The 35 births represent a rate of 535 per 1000 popuiation per annum compared with 37.3 for the Mar- shall Islands (1957). The 25 births over a 5-vear penod for the comparison population represent a rate of 21.8 per 1000 population. A somewhat greater incidence of muscarriages and stillbirths was noted in the exposed women dunng the first 4 years after exposure, but because of the paucity of vital statistics on the Marshallese and the small numberof people involved, the data are not readuy amenable to statistical analysis. A cardwecascular survey of the adults (1959) showed no outstanding differences between the exposed and unexposed groups. The people appeared to have less hypertension on the whole than # noted in people in the continental United States. An erthrtits survey (1959)' showed no great dif- The one c posed group too soon, it is tion to radia cluding phyail count and t and seco ferences between the exposed and the unexposed people, and about the same incxdence as is seen in American populations. Ophthalmological surveys showed no remarkable differences between the exposed and unexposed groups except possibly a slightly greater number evidence of| child in the ire in the exposed group. It is not known whether ths radiation-inds any of the exp Genetuc effeg because of the of cases of pterygia, pinguecuiac, and corneal scars finding is of any significance in relation to their radiation exposure. Slit-lamp observations showed no opacities of the lens characteristic of radiation exposure. As a whole, visual and accommodation levels in the Marshallese appeared to be above the average in the U.S. population. Dental surceys’ showed no significant differences iN caries rate between exposed and unexposed groups. However, the incidence and severity of peridontal disease was slightly greater in the exposed group. It is not known whether or not this finding is related to radiation effec:s. The poor oral hygiene generally observed in the Marshallese had its usual results, namely, high caries rate in teenage children, severe peridonta! lesions in adults (heavy calculus and foss of alveolar bone), and edeniulous mouths in the aged. Radiation ex- posure did not appear to have affected developing dentition in the exposed children. Late effects of radiation. Various parameters usuallv associated with agrme were measured or estimated on a 0 to 44 scale (skin looseness. elasticity, and senile changes: ereying of the har and bald- ing: accommodation, visual acuity, and arcus seniiis: heamng; cardiovascular changes including blood pressure and degrees of penpheral and retinal artenoscleross: neuromuscular function: and hand streneth). Comparison of these measurements in exposed and unexposed individuals of the same age groups showed no apparent differ- ences. A biological age score was calculated for individuals and groups by use of an average per- centage score. Life shortening cflects of radiation have not been apparent. As noted, the mortality rate was about the same in the exposed as in the un- exposed peopie. vated basophil cardiovascular § general results not shown am degenerative du No apparent have been det tion in the & parents, with, evidence of im in the expose of growth not paren. It was imp the radiation skin and epik exposure, lary by clothing. burns, and a epilation of | superficial: scaly desqua | little pain. R lowed. Some quamaton. became secor with antibio gradually to skin appeare ever, in abou particularly: unued to she ing degrees a 6 years the o of the skin + varying degr