Lt tion. since the incidence of familial diseases including cancer was generally unknown bvthe during this survey, since interesting trendsofage- case of women, menstrual. obstetric. and nursing this survey, as in the past, aging criteria were history. In the physical examination particular emphasis was placed .on examination ofthe skin. node-bearing areas. head and neck. chest. breast. abdomen. and external genitalia. Pelvic examina- tions were carried out on all mature females, and vaginal and cervical smears for Papanicolaou examination were obtained.* Rectal examinations were carried out on all persons > 40 vears ofage. This included examination ofthe feces for blood (guaiac testing of the feces on finger cot) and, in the case of men, palpation of the prostate gland. Chest plates were not taken routinely but were ob- tained on about 30 adults “> +0 vears of age (and on certain other cases were indicated).** Hematological data were obtained and were available for evaluation. In detection of possible leukemia (or preclinical evidence ofincipient leukemia) the lymph nodes and spleen were carefully examined, and hema- tological data were taken including routine hemo- grams, percent basophils in a 4000 white cell count, and alkaline phosphatase examinations of the white blood cells on differential smears. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES IN CHILDREN In addition to the routine pediatric examina- tions. certain special anthropometric measurements on the children were recorded. Such data included age, weight, stature. sitting hetght, head circumference, biacromial width, bi-iliac width, Be aes Laie e dependent changes had been observed. During recorded on adults aged 20 years and over. Of the 130 adults examined +5 were in the exposed group and 8) in the larger comparison population. From Table 2, which shows the age distribution, it can be seen that it would have been desirable to have had more people in the upper age bracket of the comparison group. Of the 15 aging criteria studied. 8 were meas- ured directly and 6 were estimated on a0 to ++ scale. Five tests involved the integument: ( 1} skin loosness, (2) skin elasticity (retraction time), (3: senile changesin the skin, (+) graving ofthe hair, and i3) baldness. Three tests involved the special sense organs: (1) accommodation. (2) visual acuitv, and +3) arcus senilis. The cardiovascular svstem was tested by (1) systolic and (2) diastolic pressure readings, and (3) estimation of degree of peripheral arteriosclerosis. There was one test of neuromuscular function (hand tally count). Vigor was measured by hand strength measurements with a dvnamometer. Because of sex differences some of the above criterla were evaluated separatelyfor the two sexes: those were baldness, neuromuscular function, and handstrength. In order that the estimated and measured data could be compared and combined, both tvpesof data were converted to a percentage scale. The estimated values 0, 1 +, 24+,3+.and 4+ were presented also as 0, 25. 30, 75, and 100"% respec- tivelv. In the case of the measured data, the values associated with least aging were taken as 0c and calf circumference. Roentgenographsof the lett wrists were studied for skeletal maturation. strength: sometimesthe lowest, as with visual acu- AGING STUDIES The data were examined on both an individual basis and a population basis, \ mean age score was obtained for each individual by averagingall A detailed report of the procedures used in the studies of aging criteria in the Rongelap people was published in the last report’ and will not be repeated here. The batterv of tests that had been *We wish to thank Dr. Genevieve Bader of Memorial SloanKetrering Cancer Center, N.Y.C.. tor interpretation of the Papanicolaou smears. **We are grateful to Dr. Paul Lichtbiau of Rockville Centre, L.I.. NY . for interpretation ofthe chest roentgenograms, ue Be loss and retinal arteriosclerosis, were used again people. The history yielded some information on changes in weight. historyofillness, and, in the i4 used in previous survevs, except those for hearing Swei aem (sometimes the highest reading as with hand itv), and those indicating most aging as 100°. his percent test values. In studying population trends, means were calculated for each criterion by 5-vear age groups (in most cases) including combined exposed and unexposed populations; these were plotted and a curve was drawn accord- ing to the best fit by eve. A curve was obtained in the same wavof the 5-vear group meansof the individual mean age scores. The combining of