ee ee ee es SERED eneeeioe The effective energies (E) and the four radionuclides that produce the fraction of ingested nuclide over 99% of the dose are listed in reaching the reference organ (F) of Table 4. Exposure Pathways: Description and Dose EXTERNAL GAMMA DOSE of the amount recommended by the annual guideline and leaves little room for The description of the measurements, dose calculations, and dose estimates Similarly, the annual guidelines for a for the external exposure pathway Haye population for 30 yr is 5 rem, and the Been reported in detatl,? 137 60 estimated 30-yr integral dose (ex- Cs and In summary, Co produce nearly all the terns 5 and 6 is 5.1 rem. Islands, with 137o5 contributing a 30-yr period, the external dose In Again, over received from this housing location addition, the dose levels on Eneu and living pattern allows no contribu- Island were about one-half those on tion by exposure from other pathways. Bikini Island. This is very significant because The first-yr dose and 30-yr inte- potential doses via the terrestrial gral dose on the two islands as a food chain can exceed those resulting function of the alternative living from external exposure. patterns is shown in Table 5. Inter grated external exposures for 10, Housing constructed in Area 2 30, (Table 2, Patterns 4a and 4b) along 50, and 70 yr are listed in Tables 6 the Lagoon road reduces the external through 9, respectively. exposure relative to Patterns 5 and 6 Residence in the interior of Bikini Island fon 1, cluding natural background) for Pat- external dose on both Bikini and Eneu approximately 94% of the total, SAEED cate a aaa Se tele dose accumulation via other pathways. (Fig, 2, by approximately 25%, depending upon Area 3) gives the highest external which remedial action is considered. exposure (Patterns 5 and 6). Commonly, crushed gravel is placed The annual Federal guideline for a member around the houses and is accomplished of the population recommends a dose easily. jess than 0.5 rem for the whole body however, are more difficult to imple- and 0.5 rem for bone marrow. 722° ment. For Soil removal and replacement, Living in residences already Patterns 5 and 6 the estimated first- established on Bikini Island (Fig. yr dose of 0.25 rem (excluding natural in Fig. background) is a significant fraction external exposure on Bikini Island NN 0552 -12- 3; 2, Area 1) gives the smallest