ee ee ee es SERED eneeeioe
The effective energies (E) and
the four radionuclides that produce
the fraction of ingested nuclide
over 99% of the dose are listed in
reaching the reference organ (F) of
Table 4.
Exposure Pathways:
Description and Dose
EXTERNAL GAMMA DOSE
of the amount recommended by the annual
guideline and leaves little room for
The description of the measurements,
dose calculations, and dose estimates
Similarly, the annual guidelines for a
for the external exposure pathway Haye
population for 30 yr is 5 rem, and the
Been reported in detatl,?
137
60
estimated 30-yr integral dose (ex-
Cs and
In summary,
Co produce nearly all the
terns 5 and 6 is 5.1 rem.
Islands, with 137o5 contributing
a 30-yr period, the external dose
In
Again, over
received from this housing location
addition, the dose levels on Eneu
and living pattern allows no contribu-
Island were about one-half those on
tion by exposure from other pathways.
Bikini Island.
This is very significant because
The first-yr dose and 30-yr inte-
potential doses via the terrestrial
gral dose on the two islands as a
food chain can exceed those resulting
function of the alternative living
from external exposure.
patterns is shown in Table 5.
Inter
grated external exposures for 10,
Housing constructed in Area 2
30,
(Table 2, Patterns 4a and 4b) along
50, and 70 yr are listed in Tables 6
the Lagoon road reduces the external
through 9, respectively.
exposure relative to Patterns 5 and 6
Residence in
the interior of Bikini Island
fon 1,
cluding natural background) for Pat-
external dose on both Bikini and Eneu
approximately 94% of the total,
SAEED cate a aaa Se tele
dose accumulation via other pathways.
(Fig, 2,
by approximately 25%, depending upon
Area 3) gives the highest external
which remedial action is considered.
exposure (Patterns 5 and 6).
Commonly, crushed gravel is placed
The
annual Federal guideline for a member
around the houses and is accomplished
of the population recommends a dose
easily.
jess than 0.5 rem for the whole body
however, are more difficult to imple-
and 0.5 rem for bone marrow. 722°
ment.
For
Soil removal and replacement,
Living in residences already
Patterns 5 and 6 the estimated first-
established on Bikini Island (Fig.
yr dose of 0.25 rem (excluding natural
in Fig.
background) is a significant fraction
external exposure on Bikini Island
NN 0552
-12-
3;
2, Area 1) gives the smallest