varies with

deration.

the

nuclide

Thus,

under

concentration ratios to predict

consi-

nuclide concentrations in fruit from

we also describe

the use of concentration Factors and

those observed in soil or leaves.

Introduction
Since the

The longer-lived fission and

termination of nuclear

testing on Bikini Atoll in 1958,

activation products are the nuclides

periodic environmental surveys have

of primary concern at Bikini Atoll.

been conducted

Previous studies have shown that

to evaluate the radio-

early surveys of Bikini Atoll as well

because of their long half-lives and
4
137
90
Cs, an
Sr,
large inventories,

as

239,240, | contribute nearly all the

logical status of

the atoll.

The

the recent survey and assessment at

nearby Enewetak Atoll indicate

population dose from the terrestrial

that

+

In this study, our major

concentrations of radionuclides in

pathway.

certain terrestrial foods are rela-

emphasis is on 0c

tively high,

suggesting that

239,240,

the

Pu.

terrestrial

However,

los and
«

the results ob-

for 065 and 2 vam are also

foodchain could be a major
1-4
exposure pathway.
in June 1975,

included because

Bikint Atoll was

e
tributed and is present in the marin

resurveyed

to deter-

tained

ere is widely dis-

the

pathway and because the concentration

terrestrial environments of Bikini and

of 241 Ay is still increasing slightly
241

mine

Eneu

the residual

Islands,

the

the atoll (Pig.

radioactivity in

two main

lL).

islands of

Pu.

due to the decay of

In this report, we describe the

The 1975 survey

the soil and vegetation

included measurement of environmental

results of

gamma-ray exposure rates and

studies of the 1975 survey.

the col-

discuss the use of the data to derive

lection and analysis of samples of
soil,

ground water,

cistern water,

We also

and

relationships that predict the plant

vegetation for use in assessing the

uptake of nuclides from soil on

internal dose via various ingestion

Bikini Atoll.
60
90
Sr,
of
Co

pathways.

(The dose from external

gamma exposure and

the radionuclide

i

Geometric mean values
137A, 239,240,

24).

.

surface-soil

Am

u,

“

?

.

concentrations

concentrations in cistern and ground

developed for Eneu Island and for

water have been previously

each

c

reported.??°)

of

Xikini

the

four areas

Island was

and
are

into which

divided.

‘We alse

Select target paragraph3