Obsidian Studies in Archeology (28 Dec.) BOTANICAL SCIENCES (G) Arranged by Joseph W. Michels (The Pennsylvania State Aspects of Morphogenesis 1967 (29 Dec.) University). Obsidian is a lithic material with very desirable fractur- Arranged by William J. Crotty (New York University). This symposium is the last in a series organized to celebrate the centennial of the Torrey Botanical Club and to commemorate the memory of John Torrey, a lead- ing American botanist of the nineteenth century. John Torrey was active in the formative years of many American scientific societies, including the forerunner of the present New York Academy of Sciences, and waslisted among the “first fifty” incorporators of the National Academy of Sciences. It has been said that he found the meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science particularly congenial and he served asits president in 1855. This symposium should serve to emphasize by means ing qualities which were recognized and exploited by prehistoric man for the production of tools, weapons, and ornaments in all parts of the world where obsidian outcroppings are to be found. Considerable attention is cur- rently being focused on the archeological recovery of obsidian artifacts, and on the reexamination of previously excavated collections of obsidian artifacts, in response to the development of several new analytic approaches to the cultural interpretation of worked obsidian. The discovery of a technique by which each obsidian artifact may be accurately dated, quickly and inexpensively, has resulted in obsidian becoming a valuable resource in solving problems of site chronology. In addition, obsidian dating has proved to be a highly versatile tool for general archeo- of rather specific contributions just how rapid the progress has been in the development of theoretical concepts and logical analysis by permitting the investigator to regard time as a known variable in the study of various aspects ology. It comes as something of a shock to realize that analysis to the problem of identifying quarry sources for worked obsidian is contributing valuable information on investigative techniques in the botanical sciences since the time of Torrey. The subject matter embraces problems of phylogeny, development, causal morphology and physimany of the theoretical bases which the symposium speakers here take for granted were not even clearly formulated much less accepted when John Torrey’s basic work in American systematic botany was fairly well completed. Warren H. Wagner, William C. Steere, William J. Crotty, Dominic Basile, Edwin B. Matzke, Ulrich Naf, Myron C. Ledbetter, and Alberto Mancinelli, ANTHROPOLOGY(H) of an archeological site, and in the reconstruction of community activity. Application of radioactive trace element inter-community contact in general, and on trade obsidian collections, the collections become a significant source of culture historical information. The current interest in stone-flaking technology among archeologists has also contributed to interest in worked obsidian. Because of its glass-like composition, obsidian provides possibilities for observation of the scar phenomena resulting from stoneworking activities not usually observable in flint or other chipped-stone materials. This observational clarity is con- tributing to the development of formal Anthropologists and Others (27 Dec.) net- works in particular. When trace element analysis and hydration rim-dating are applied jointly to the study of procedures for investigating percussion-flaking technology. The symposium highlights the growing application of the physical sciences to the study of archeology. Arranged by Carol K. Rachlin and Alice Marriott (Southwestern Research Association, Oklahoma City). The purpose of this symposium is to obtain some insight into the contributions of anthropology to applied fields Clifford Evans, Irving Friedman, James B. Griffin, Gary A. Wright, William J. Mayer-Oakes, Joseph W. Michels, and Elizabeth K. Ralph. fers many diverse opportunities to anthropologists. The Entrepreneurship in Cross-Societal Perspective (29-30 Dec.) (other than teaching) which can benefit from use of its data. The contemporary society of the United States ofacceptance of anthropologists in many of these fields has been less than the acceptance from scholars in other disciplines. The fields of social work, religion, government, art, and literature will be represented on the program. All these fields can use anthropology and its students, yet few anthropologists are employed in them. Popovi Da, artist, San Ildefonso Pueblo, and Alice Marriott, writer and anthropologist, offer an instance where anthropology, literature, and art have come together. The participants of this symposium will discuss the posi- tive and negative aspects of anthropology in relation to their respective areas of endeavors. Problems of communication between anthropologists and others will be considered and solutions sought. Carol K. Rachlin, lola Taylor, Peter J. Powell, James Officer, Popovi Da, Alice Marriott, and Gene Welltfish. 1356 Arranged by Richard P. Schaedel (University of Texas). Africa and Afro-American Parallels. Latin America: Urban and Rural Aspects of Entrepreneurship. Asia: Local and Trans-local Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship for What?—-Market vs. Antimarket Mentality. The symposium is designed to bring into focus the concept of non-Western entrepreneurship and how it has functioned in economies of nonliterate peoples and so-called “underdeveloped” areas. Substantive papers are to be presented from three major world areas: Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The purpose of the symposium is to relate the contributions of these papers to the current approaches in economic anthropologi- cal and economic theory. It is expected that certain parSCIENCE, VOL. 158