went 11 * nee! ieee —— ee ee cea Seine” “ameell NitsaMieseegee O ee meet qe es Oe 2 Aires -= femme Wane + * thine wel tion, since the incidence of familial diseases including cancer was generally unknown by the people. The history yielded some information on changes in weight, historyof illness, and, in the case of women, menstrual, obstetric, and nursing history. In the physical examination particular emphasis was placed on examination ofthe skin, node-bearing areas, head and neck, chest, breast, abdomen, and external genitalia. Pelvic examinations were carried out on all mature females, and vaginal and cervical smears for Papanicolaou examination were obtained.* Rectal examinations were carried out on all persons >40 yearsof age. This included examination of the feces for blood (guaiac testing of the feces on finger cot) and, in the case of men, palpation of the prostate gland. Chest plates were not taken routinely but were obtained on about 30 adults > 40 years of'age (and on certain other cases were indicated).** Hema- tological data were obtained and were available for evaluation. In detection of possible leukemia (or preclinical evidence of incipient leukemia) the lymph nodes and spleen were carefully examined, and hematological data were taken including routine hemograms, percent basophils in a 4000 white cell count, and alkaline phosphatase examinations of the white blood cells on differential smears. used in previous surveys, except those for hearing loss and retinal arteriosclerosis, were used again during this survey, since interesting trends of agedependent changes had been observed. During this survey, as in the past, aging criteria were recorded on adults aged 20 years and over. Of the 130 adults examined 45 were in the exposed group and 85in the larger comparison population. From Table 2, which showsthe age distribution, it can be seen that it would have been desirable to have had more people in the upper age bracket of the comparison group. Of the 15 aging criteria studied, 8 were measured directly and 6 were estimated on a 0 to 4+ scale. Five tests involved the integument: (1) skin loosness, (2) skin elasticity (retraction time), (3) senile changesin the skin, (4) graying of the hair, and (5) baldness. Three tests involved the special sense organs: (1) accommodation,(2) visual acuity, and (3) arcus senilis. The cardiovascularsystem was tested by (1) systolic and (2) diastolic pressure readings, and (3) estimation of degree of peripheral arteriosclerosis. There was onetest of neuromuscularfunction (hand tally count). Vigor was measured by hand strength measurements with a dynamometer. Because of sex differences some of the abovecriteria were evaluated separately for the two sexes; those were baldness, neuromuscular function, and GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES IN CHILDREN In addition to the routine pediatric examinations, certain special anthropometric measure- ments on the children were recorded. Such data included age, weight, stature, sitting height, head circumference, biacromial width, bi-iliac width, and calf circumference. Roentgenographsofthe left wrists were studied for skeletal maturation. AGING STUDIES A detailed report of the procedures used in the studies of aging criteria in the Rongelap people was published in the last report’ and will not be repeated here. The batteryof tests that had been *We wish to thank Dr. Genevieve Bader of Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, N.Y.C., for interpretation of the Papanicolaou smears. **We are grateful to Dr. Paul Lichtblau of Rockville Centre, L.L. N.Y., for interpretation of the chest roentgenograms. TR Tr yee “tna, REN, SST PEST - me nem me meri cm ee oe 2m ee hand strength. In order that the estimated and measured data could be compared and combined, both types of data were converted to a percentage scale. The estimated values 0, 1+, 2+4+,3+,and4+4 were presented also as 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% respectively. In the case of the measured data,the values associated with least aging were taken as 0% (sometimes the highest reading as with hand strength; sometimes the lowest, as with visual acuity), and those indicating most aging as 100%. ‘The data were examined on both anindividual basis and a population basis. A mean age score was obtained for each individual by averagingall his percent test values. In studying population trends, means were calculatedfor each criterion by 5-year age groups (in most cases) including combined exposed and unexposed populations; these were plotted and a curve was drawn according to the best fit by eye. A curve was obtained in the same way of the 5-year group meansof the individual mean age scores. The combining of TE Rm ET AE el IR me oe me et s + : a *