=e research in infectious disease, assay of biologic and antibiotic preparations; diagnosis and cooperative investigation with ABCC of A-bomb survivors. NIH was conceived and started by Americans. The If it had not been for the Washing- ton cable demanding contact with Tokyo University, it is probable that ABCC would have gone through NIH channels in offering aid and advice. The uninten- tional circumventing of Dr. Kobayashi and his group may have antognized the most friendly medical segment to the United States that exists in Japan. is difficult to explain these actions of Dr. Kobayashi however: It (1) when A300 was designated as the single U.S. agency to handle medical problems, he requested U.S. Army doctors to examine the pcetients in Yaizu; and (2) when 16 patients vere placed in the Tokyo First National Hospital (under the Ministry of welfare), he did not use his influence to obtain permission for ABCC to examine the patients. There are three possible explanations: (1) petulance at the U.S. strengthening Dr. Tsuguki; he would therefore try to play the | various medical groups against one another; (2) domination by Dr. Tsuzuki and the Tokyo University group, so that he did not dare fight on this issue; or (3) agreement between Drs. Kobayashi and Tsuzuki that the Japanese doctors should "eo it alone". It was also unfortunate that the press headlined the Fukuryu Maru incident just as a U.S. Congressman was in Japan following a trip to Bikini. ABCC first heard of thd radiated crewmen. On 16 Marbh That night Dr. Maki, NIH representa- tive in Hiroshima, left for the port town of Yaizu on instructions from NIH in Tokyo and presumably the Ministry of Welfare. in¥ited ABCC to see the two patients at TUH. The following day, Dr. Tsuzuki On the evening of 18 March 1954, Dr. iaki repcrted to Dr. Morton in Tokyo on the condition of 20 patients he had LD jeerane es we mae abAB spec Be seman