could be related to the people, persons were evacuated, for when the Rongelapese and other affected their pigs and chickens were left behind on the island. These animals were later collected and sacrificed at various times and radiological studies made of all their tissues. With the findings from these studies, the doctors then attempted to extrapolate the information to human beings. While they realized that extrapolations from animals cannot truly represent the actual situation with humans, they at least provided a guideline. The conclusions in the 1956 report considered the possible effects of radioactive iodine, cesium and strontium. As to the effects of iodine, it was thought that the amount received was estimated to be "about 150 rep. Rongelap group (sic) and 50 rep. for the Americans." This amount, for the report said, while high, was relatively low in comparison to doses persons receive in radiation therapy. As to the other radioactive elements, such as strontium, the report concluded: an an evaluation of the date on the internal contamination, including that of Sr 89, leads to the conclusion that the internal hazard to the contaminated inhabitants of the Marshall Islands is minimal both from the acute and longrange point of view." [emphasis added] (p.74) With the discovery in 1964 of thyroid nodules in exposed Rongelapese, a recalculation of the total internal dose of all radioactive elements, including radioactive iodine was made by James for children (Rongelap girls 3-4 years old). James! recalculations yielded figures considerably higher than the original estimates calculations. for he had considered a factor overlooked in earlier This factor was the relative size of the thyroid in children as opposed to adults. The earlier calculations had assumed a constant thyroid weight for all persons (about 20 grams). fo14¥701 ” James, however, used 3