lements contained therein. Acknowledgments cumulation of radioactive Most of the work at the Eniwetok Test Site reported in this paper was done by members of the Laboratory of Radiation Biology, but the success of the oceanographic surveys and the other field work is attributable to the support and co-operation of many organizations and individuals. ige size of the organisms ements by nannoplankton the surface of the organism itamination, the principal au 103, 105, 106___ PR}, 103, 105, 106 t one week after contaminof abundance were Co58, —Rh198, 105, 166 5 Co 60 2 785 * 5, C058, Co5?, Cel44— Pl 44, ton in the above order of included, almost entirely. active transition elements ‘part of the radionuclides snot retained by plankton, sms by radiotungsten was contamination by marine vably ingest both inorganic Site, only a small fraction with the plankton. In four , the averagetotal activity aed micro-macroplankton. lankton was much higher Eniwetok and Ailinginae ® accounted for the major n in the open sea near the Zn®> was highest and Fe re present in low amount, a rapid turnover rate for active cobalt in plankton time after contamination. alt and a low rate for zine pon the plankton. isms was studied in two tain symbiotic algae. One she other, but both obtain its. Waste products from ns. mostly as concretions. % are cations. However, sotopes are anions. > clams is inverselyrelated ween the clam and the REFERENCES (1) ADAMS, C.E.. FARLOW, N.H. and SCHELL, W.R., “The compositions, structures and origins of radioactive fallout particles ”".US Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory report USNRDL-TR-209 NS 081—001, San Francisco, Calif. (1958). (2) REVELLE, R.R. and SCHAEFER, M.B., ‘General considerations concerning the occan as a receptacle for artificial radioactive materials. The Effects of Atomic Radiation on Oceanographyand Fisheries’, Nat. Acad. Sei.m—Nat. Research Council. Publication No. 541, 1-25 (1957). (3) DONALDSON, L.R., SEYMOUR, A.H.. HELD. E.E., HINES, N.O., LOWMAN, F.G., OLSON, P.R. and WELANDER, A.D., “Survey of radioactivity in the sea near Bikini and Eniwetok Atolls’. USAEC report UWFL-46 (1956). (4) SEYMOUR, A.H.. HELD, E.i., LOWMAN, F.G., DONALDSON, J. R. and SOUTH. D.J., “Survey of radioactivity in the sea and in pelagic marine life west of the Marshall Islands”, USAEC report UWFL-47 (1957). (5) PALUMBO, R.F.. LOWMAN, F.G.. WELANDER, A.D. and WEEKS, D-.R.. “Distribution of radioactivity in sea water and marine organisms following an underwater nuclear detonation at the Eniwetok Test Site’, USAC report UWEL.-58, Secret (1959). (6) MIYAKE, J... SUGIURA. Y. and KAMEDA, K., “On the distribution of racio- activity in the sea around Bikini Atoll in June 19547. Pap. Meteorol. Geophis., Tokyo, 9, 253. (7) HARLEY, J.H. (ed.), Operation Troll, USAEC report NYO-4656. (1956), (8) REVELLE, R.R., FOLSOM, F.R., GOLDBERG, E.D. and [SAACS, J.D., Nuclear Science and Oceanography. Proc. UN Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. A/Conf. 8/P/277 (1955). (9) LOWMAN, F.G., PALUMBO, R.F. and SOUTH, D..J., “The occurrence and distribution of radioactive non-fission products in plants and animals of the Pacthe Proving Ground”, USAEC report UWFL-51 (1951). (10) CARRITT, D. bk. and HARLEY, J.H., “Precipitation of fission product elements on the ocean bottom by physical, chemical, and biological processes. The Effects of Atomic Radiation on Oceanography and Fisheries”, Nat. Acad. Sci.—Nat. Research Council, Publieation No. 551, 60 (1957), (11) THOMPSON, T.G. and CHOW, 'T.J., “The strontium-caleiiuin atomratio in carbonate-secreting marine organisms’. Papers in Marine Biology and Oceanography, 20. Pergamon Press Ltd., London (1956). (12) PROSSER. C.L., PERVINSER, W., ARNOLD, J., SVEHLA, G. and TOMPRINS, P.C., Acciunulation and distribution of radioactive strontium, barium-lanthanum, fission mixture, and sodiumin goldfish. USAEC report MDDC-496 (1945). (13) SUITO, E., TAKTYAMA, K. and UYEDA, N., “Colloid morphological and crystailine studies of ‘Bikini dust’* which fell on the No. 5 Fukuryu Maru by electron microscopy and diffraction methods”. Res.in the Effects and Influences of the Nuclear Bomb Test Explosions I, 439 (19586). (14) BOROUGHS, H., TOWNSLEY, S.J. and HIATT, R.W., “The metabolism of radionuclides by marine organisms. I, The uptake, accumulation, and loss of Strontium-89 by fishes”. Biol. Bull. 111, 336 (1956). (15) CHIPMAN, W.A., Abstracts of Progress Reports, List of Publications, etc. US Fish and Wildlife Service Radioisotope Laboratory. Beaufort, N.C. (1956); and Progress Report US Fish and Wildlife Service. Fishery Radiobiological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C. (1956). (16) LEHNINGER, A.L., “Role of metal ions in enzyme systems”. Physiol. Rev. 30 393 (1951). 137 Alt ce MRS ne: ©