Before the survey at Rongelap, the team visited Kwajalein and Majuro for several days to carry out . examinations on a number of Rongelap people who had moved to these Islands. A Trust Territory ship, the M/V Ran Anim, transported the team and equipment to Rongelap o+m on March 4, 1962 (Figure 3). A tent had beenset * 1: up on the Island and one of the village houses a aSome rented to serve as living quarters for the team. On 3 arrival, after greeting the Magistrate and other vil- 32. lage dignitaries, it was Icarned that the ‘death of -*é an aged woman had occurred the previous day, °. and that an autopsy was to be permitted on the body. Establishing living quarters and setting up laboratory equipment and examinationfacilities in addition to carrying out the autopsy occupied the beiter part of the first day, Late in the afternoon TBR ee spe ae be wT Re Figure 3, Trust Territory ship Ran Animat anchor, Rongelap Lagoon. the funeral for the deceased took place. The medical examinations on the people began the following ical examination, and certain laboratory tests. The family history did not yield satisfactory informa- The examinations were carried out ashore at Rongclap Village. As in the past the dispensary ing cancer was generally unknown by the people. The history yielded some information on changes in weight, history of illness, and, in the case of day. was used as a laboratory for the hematological and other laboratory procedures. The adjacent school building was used for taking histories and perform- ing physical examinations on the people, The coun- cil house next door was used for special examinations of the skin, urine collections and analyses, and x-ray examinations. HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS Histories were taken by a Marshallese practitioner and an interpreter, with particular emphasis on the interval history during the past year. A special survey was again conducted by the pediatrician to attempt to ascertain more accurately the birth dates of the Rongelap people, particularly the children. Complete physical examinations were carried out tacluding growth and development studies on the childrcn (anthropometric measurements and x-ray examinations of the left wrist and hand for bone development studies) ; special exam- inations of the skin with color photography of sclected lesions, a special cancer detection survey; tion, since the incidence of familial diseases includ- women, menstrual, obsfttric, and nursing history. In the physical examination particular emphasis was placed on examination of the skin, node-bearing areas, head and neck, chest, breast, abdomen, and external genitalia. Pelvic examinations were carried out on all mature females, and vaginal and cervical smears for Papanicolaou examination were obtained.* Rectal examinations were carried out on all persons >40 years of age. This included, in the case of men, palpation of the prostate gland. Chest plates were not taken routinely but were obtained on about * V adults >40 years of age (and on certain other cases where indicated).** Hematological data were obtained and were available for evaluation. In detection of possible leukemia (or preclinical evidence of incipicnt Icukemia) the lymph nodes and spleen were carefully examined, and hematological data were taken including routine hemograms, percent basophils in a 4000 white cell count, and alkaline phosphatase examinations of the white blood cells on differential smears. and an ophthalmological survey. CANCER DETECTION SURVEY In the cancer detection survey, procedures included an evaluation of the history, special phys- *We wish to thank Dr. Genevieve Hader of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, N.Y.C., for interpretation of the Papanicolaou smears. **We are grateful to Dr. Paul Lichiblau of Rockville Centre, L.L, N.Y., for interpretation of the chest roentgenograms.