portation, Sineo a survey of all individualsstowed (hat there was Significant contamamaition of
skin and clothes, prompt decontamination was instituted, Clothes were removed aud Liundered.
Their skin and hare were washed repeatedly with fresh water and soap. In onniasy idividiuals,
particukarly on the Marshallese, owas difffeui( te wash (he radioactive: material trom (he ter
because of the deavy coconut) ol dai dressing used by these people.
Table bot
EXPOSED AND CONTROL ONEXPOSED GHOULS
~~
~
~~
Approximate
Group
Designition
Total
Number
in Group
Distance
from bikini
(Naut. Miles)
Effective
Tine of
Fallout
28
[5
H + Gb her
AInvricans,
Exposed
Ronperik
+
Instrmiment
Time of
Evacuation
Readings
Lest Fsthimate
Used in Dose lof ‘Total Gaunvena
Crlculations
Dose in Atrord*
H+ 2.5 hr
200 mir “he
(8 men)
Hoo dave
7TH
H+ 34 fr
(20 men)
Ainerienns,
1s
Control
Kway American
Marshadlesc,
bxposed
64
bos
H+ 4her
Keorpecrtsnge
Le
167
HO
270)
H+ 4hr
H+ 22hr
(48 people)
H+ 58 br
Started at
H+ 55 hr
Completed ai
H+ 78 hr
Murshallese,
Control
$75 mr/hr
Ho+ 7 days
175
100 mr ‘he
6y
Ha Sle
Arhinganac
Wtirik
H«¢ 60 hr
(16 people)
H + 9 duys
40 mr/hr
4
H + 8 days
117
Majuro Group
Total Exposed — 267
Total Controls - 222
*See Section 1.4.3.
1.4
ESTIMATION OF WHOLE BODY EXTERNAL DOSE
The eslimated values of external dose given in Table 1.1 were based on readings of
AN PDR-39 field instruments. Averages of a tumber of dose rate measurements on each
island ata given time were used. The readings were taken in air, approximately 3 feet above
ground, several days after the inhabitants were evacuated. Before this time, adequate surveys
with well calibrated instruments had not been possible.
Several variables which influence the results are indicated below. These will be discussed
in greater detail in un addendum report on external dose, which will contain the data, methods
and calculations by which the external dose analysis was made.
1.4.1 Energy Distributionof the Fallout Gamma Radiation,ItsVariation WithTime, the
Response of the Meter in Each EnergyRegion andIts Correction Factorfor the Total
Dose Spectrum
Fallout deposited as an effectively infinite plane source resulted in the dose-energy histogram shown in Fig. 1.2. Its energy distribution was the result of degradation of the original
16