CHAPTER 3
EXPERIMENT DESIGN
3.1
INTRODUCTION
It was evidently necessary to correct in the Operation CASTLE
studies some of the experimental difficulties experienced at IVY and to
extend the scope of the investigation. In order to minirize the con-
tamination of inactive particles by active solution and to avoid
collection of excessive amounts of.extranéous dust and rain, a new
system was devised for collecting -fallout, which is described below.
The range of particle size under investigation was extended downward
to 5 p.
.
‘This operation provided three types of detonation: sunface land,
surface water, and intermediate. Unfortunately operational difficulties
prevented an adequate comparison of effects from the different types.
It was originally an objective of. this project to study base surge,
bat the base surge collecting stations were destreyed, as reported by
Wilsey and co-workers.
3.2
3.2.1
ELELD INSTRUMENTATION
TwocPhase Fallout Collector
This collector was essentially an inverted cone, 2 ft in
diameter at the base, and 2 1/2 ft in height (Fig. 3.1).
The cone was
equipped with a dust-proof and water-tight cover which slid open when
a signal was received, remained open for 5 hrs, and automatically slid
shut. Approximately 4 liters of a solution of carbon tetrachloride in
chlorobenzene (one part carbon tetrachloride to five parts chloro-
venzene) were placed in the bottom of the ccllector,
One liter of
aqueous solution containing 0.5 per cent Aerosol OT and 0.125 per cent
Versene was stored in a container mounted on the side of the collector.
A delivery tube from this container extended into the collector and
was stoppered with a cork connected to the cover of the collector (Fig.
3.2). When a signal was received, the cover opened retracting the cork
from the delivery tube. The aqueous soluticn flowed onto the heavier,
{rmiscible organic liquid. When fallout arrived at the collector, all
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.