39 for all age groups, a relatively low figure compared with that for Japanese and American age 54) died of a genitourinary infection complicating diabetes even thoughshe (along with the Thyroid Metabolism Orinase (tolbutamid tablets). (It was later found that these patients did not take the tablets con- societies. Table 24 showsresults of protein boundiodine, total iodine, and butanol extractable iodine deter- minations. The 12 samples obtained in 1959 showed values definitely lower than the 1958 values, although several readings werestill somewhat high. It was thought that the high 1958 levels must have been due to contaminated glass- warein spite of the great care taken to maintain strict cleanliness. Glucosuria On routine urine analysis during the 1959 sur- other cases) had been placed on oral therapy with sistently.) Table 26 compares the mortality from diabetes in the United States*? and the Marshall Islands. The incidence appears higher in the Marshall Islands and on Rongelap Island (based on its small population). It should be noted that, since only routine urine examinations were done on the Rongelap people, the incidence of diabetes may actually be higher. The greater incidence of deaths due to diabetes in the Marshall Islands than in the United States in 1956 and 1957°' is statistically significant (0.01 >p>>0.001). vey one male and four females(all in the unexposed group) were found to have glucosuria; all Serum Vitamin B,, sugar level* (see Table 25). These individuals 1959 again showed,as in 1958, vitamin B,, levels Analysis of the 15 serum samples obtained in but oneofthese also had an elevated fasting blood were considered to have mild diabetes mellitus. Later during the year one of these cases (#854, F, *Weare grateful to Dr. W.W. Fennel at Kwajalein for having the blood sugar analyzed. slightly higher than norma!. The mean value was 714 wyg/ml, with a range of 312 to 1500, A scatter- gram oflevels for both years was plotted against white blood count, since it has been shownthatin leukemia the white cells have a higher B,, binding Table 23 Results of ComplementFixation Tests on Rongelap People, 1959, by Age and Sex (Positive Reactions of Serum Dilutions 1-10) - Long No.in FluA FluB_ Age, age yr group No. % No. % HA | HA 2 CA (Respiratory (Parainfluenza3) (Parainfluenza 1) (Parainfluenza 2) syncitial, CCA) No. Jo No. % No. Fo No. LGV Adeno % No 6 35 14 6 30 10 50 (Psittacosis OF Mumps group) (Q fever) % No. % No. % No. % Females oe) 6-15 G 17 16-40 24 4 Total 61 >40 26 8 47 16 80 4 $17 20 9 38 19 8 13 16 26 43 7 35 79 70 4 14 0 2 3 26 43 40 66 4 33 11 1 100 5 16 82 1 1 58 . 67 2 i2 1 6 2 12 5 1 5 8 5 8 6 25 3 13 8 13 5 l 2 8 Males 1- 5 6-15 1 12 1 16-40 >40 21 =17 4 6. Total 51 11 8 19 35 2 17 11 92 8 12 38 71 18 14 86 82 22 22 43 43 84 0 2 1 10 6 6 5 29 29 «11 9 «52 53 92 3 5 «+14 29 «#1 #3 1 5 18 8 1 8 3 6 15 29 32 63 8 16 5 190 1 2 9 6 5 Females Plus Males Total 112 19 17 38 34 86 77 0 5 . 4 41 37 72 6416 14 10