86 Figure A-2. Affected Guettarda speciosa with normal appearing Scaevola sericea. normal green color. Ground surveys revealed that Scaevola sericea was common and normalin ap- pearance. Manyof the Guetiarda speciosa appeared to be in poor condition (Figure A-2). In some,all or nearly all the leaves were gone from the termi- nal 1 to 12 in. of the branches, and other leaves were yellowed and shriveled. In other Guetiarda, nearly all the leaves were gone, and the bushes appearedcompletely dead. More than 50% of the Guettarda were affected in whole or part. In one area of Naen several hundredyards inland from the ocean beach, there wasa field of 30 Guet- tarda, all of which were dead. Some young Pisonia grandis were seen which appeared to be in good condition. Mature Pisonia were seen which were partially defoliated, but these did not appearto be greatly different from those seen on RongelapIslet on the southeast corner of Rongelap Atoll. None of the mistletoe-like clumps described by Fosberg were observed. Several Ochrosia oppositifolia were seen with nearly complete defoliation, which appeared dead. A small grove of coconut trees near the tree. Several trees had dry and shriveled fronds, and 6 had deformed bulges 4 to 8 ft be- low the crown with apparently normal growth above the bulges. Photographs of the affected vegetation were examined by Dr. Fosberg, and he stated that the changeswere similar to those he had previously reported. It is not possible to evaluate the cause of the changes from the present observations. More extensive and detailed botanical and ecologicalsurveys will be necessary, both on theislands that received radiation and on those that did not, to determine whether the changes seen bear any relation to fallout. In particular, it should be noted that these observations were made during the dry season. Weare indebted to Professor Frank Richardson . of the University of Washington for identifying the plants, and to Commander W. Lyons, USN, for his assistance in taking the photographs. the center of Naen Islet contained 4 to 5 dead trees within a radius of 300 yards, which were REFERENCES headed coconut trees were seen, one with fronds that were mostly brown and appeared dead grow- 1. Fosserc, F.R., Nature 183, 1448 (1959). 2. FosperG, F.R., Atoll Research Bulletin 61, 1-11 (1959). 3. Conarp, R.A. ET AL., Medical Survey of Rongelap People, March 1958, Four Years After Exposure to Fallout, BNL decapitated at heights 5 to 12 ft above the ground with no evidence of axe or machete marks. Two 2ing from the trunk ~2 ft below the true crown of soci60% 534 (T-135).