16 posed groups, compared with thatfor the Marshall Islands as a whole in 1948-50 and for the United States in 1940. The table also shows the median ages. The lower median age of the Marshallese would seem to support the impression that their life span is shorter than that in the continental United States. During the interval between the surveys of 1958 and 1959 the people of Rongelap suffered no major epidemics. There were the usual bouts of upperrespiratory infections. A few cases of chicken pox developed in April 1958, two of great severity, one of which resulted in the death of a 36-year-old man (#31) from the exposed group. During the year Navy evacuation planes removed these two cases to Kwajalein Hospital] (150 miles away) for treatment, and also the following cases: perforated appendix, threatened abortion, retained placenta, complicated delivery, pyelonephritis, and acute diarrhea. Three of these patients were in the exposed group. Fourcases offish poisoning occurred during the year with the usual symptomsof nau- During the interval between the 1959 and 1960 surveys the medicalhistory of the people on Rongelap Island was generally uneventful. However, an epidemic of influenza occurred in the Marshall Islandsin the spring of 1960, and, though Rongelap Atoll was spared, the epidemic reachedserious proportions on Kwajalein Atoll. About 20 of the unexposed Rongelap control population had previously moved to Kwajalein Atoll for employment by the Navy, and among this group 10 cases of influenza developed, two of which became complicated by pneumoniaresulting in death — one in a 55-year-old man (#933) andthe otherin a 64year-old man (#927). Both these men had complicating diseases prior to influenza; one hadsuffered a cerebral hemorrhage with hemiplegia several monthsearlier, and the other a urinary tract infection. The 61-year-old woman with cancer of the ovary, discovered in 1958, died in May 1959. Unfortunately, no autopsies were obtained on these people. This brings the deaths to fourfor the exposed population. One other death occurred sea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, double vision, and in the unexposed control population on Rongelap, exposed group, and the diagnosis was confirmed infection complicating diabetes. The deathsin the unexposed population now numberfour. Only one case of fish poisoning occurred in 1959 on tingling sensations in the limbs. Cancer of the ovary was found in a 61-year-old woman inthe by biopsy. that of a 54-year-old woman (#854) who died of Table 3 Yearly Incidence of Births and Fetal Deaths* Year Womenaged 14-45 Total pregnancies Children — M F Live births Miscarriages* % Pregnancies terminating in miscarriage 1 100 3 6 0 60 43 0 Exposed 1954** 19 1955 1956 20 20 1957 1958 1959 21 22 22 Total 1 0 6 6 0 0 5 14 5 5 4 2 8 5 4 0 1 4 1 2 37 24 12 12 13 1 4 2 2 25 25 4 ~—:10 \ 6 17 2 4 2 0 4 3 17 33 Unexposed 1956 1957 18 18 1959 Total 17 1958 18 8 8 6 6 6 26 3 20 4 3 *Includes children dying duringfirst few hoursafter birth. **Includes only children conceived after March 1, 1954. cn — nom ao Hue tu id 5 2 2 1 10 ~ 1 1 25