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(NO CoMatinalices- ingress stare 5 Were conducted sharing Operation, Wigwam
122 nivlation Erzard. Goute binta;ical injury resulting from exposzre ta airborne radio-
active figsion products in acresci form, if acy, wosld be caused predominantty br the external
whole-body irradiation (Reerence 7}. “Fewurts trem several feld statics atiemypied to celineale
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the internal radiatien razzrcs dye to inha!atton of fallout (References 8 through 14). tathese |
studies and by theeretical catcwations (Reference 21), it was delermined that the inhalation
hazard was seal! Coutgariat «kh ie Concomitain eaierd radiation
hazard.
In the field studies referenced above, ihwpts lille or no physical characicrizaiion vi ine
fallout material was accomplished, the falloat wasdry and insoluble. No ficid dataexisted on
the possible inhalation hazard associated with an ucderwater mocleardetonation, After such an
event, the ichalation Lazard might be consiterahly greater, because of the possible high aerosol conéentration and the soluble nature of the contaminated sea water seresol. Luboratory
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“experiments indicate S Unt wet particles are depusited in the respiratory tract toa greater
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extem than the same material when dry(Reference 42).
Accurate messurementscf particle size, air concentrations, photea spectra, and other
phyaical characteristics of fallout material in the field situations of yarious kinds are not available. Therefore, it is difficalt to simulzte fteld conditions in the laboratory. Expreesirg the |
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intesnal racintion hazard ic terms cf cirborne cenrentrations and exposure time doce sot
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"accurately indicate the redition dese to the lungs or cther tissues. Alsoit is difficult to char-.
acterize an tshalation hazayd in terms of the chemical-physical propertics ci the aerocol.
Bidlegicnl samples ba the form of smal! znimais iare been used in laboratory inhaictica
studies and rrovide sa empirical method for 2esossire tie potential inhalation hagard te crus,
dice wer? used in to bborntery experiments and were selected ss ore di the animaistote |
used fx, the tea23. Sonat *-3 were algo Selceted far vse, hucarve it his been fod Gitelersuce
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18) that poeticuiste ectier ./ ampeuxbaately tanlesein Carewter is copusiied moot ecahy in
both man and guinea paz 5, "Poreximately 34 peresst iaeach, |
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+ LBS to rivers! Conctderations ond Seer ef Tests, The folowing is presented, in lies.
. Of engertments! lackyround, 23 evperimenial work on the ingress ct radioactive materiuis sus7+ pended alter Ogeration Crstie.
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The radiation cources eortributh: 2 to the ralliation figid in a shiptrard compartinert ray be-
classed as: (i) airborne 22d coposited sourees emeloping or deposited ¢1 the shin’s ecather
surfaces, (2) waterborne sources, (3) airborne and deposiled sources within adjacent compartmiccia if there ia ingress, awd (4) airborne ard deposited sources within the compartment Hf
there ts ingress. In any cewsartnent in whieh there is ingress, it may be necessary to consider separately airborne ar«t deposited sources in ucts or structures within the compartment.
* This censideration applivs to any ventilated compartment containing supply cects and blowers
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and {s particularly appiirable te firerooms with their Loilers and zosoctated high-capacity air
systems. —
The dose ra’e ina comz:stmerd is the sum of the dose rates due to irradiation by each source, °
each dose rate component varying independently 2s-a function of lime because of charging amounts
of radioactive nulerial, distame, intervening shielding, and tartous decay races if fraction-tioa
varies among the several sources. The above-meation-d considerations mike it cbvious that the
external dose rate in an ingress compartment due onl; to the ingress of contamanmis is made up
of several components and that the sum of these components may be orly a iracttion of the total
dose rate.
Considering only airborre and deposited radwactite materia) in a ve dilated compartment,
Figure 1.3 represexts 2 bypethetical reiation between the amounts of total airvorne ant deposite:| material as a furction ff time. The (iret lime period, t, tot,, represents the beilesp of
material prier to any exhaust and is dep. ndent on the concentration available in particie sizes
thal can be carried torcugh the 2ir supply system, the quantity of 2ir supplied, and alr distrigu-