compartment's total dose rate.

Radiological Environment.

This study was to document the radiological

environment resulting from underwater nuclear detonations. The gross gamma fields from shots Wahoo and Umbrella were defined by means of GITR
instrumentation located on coracle platforms, as well as on the major target

ships.

These measurements were supplemented by those of total gamma

dose made with floating film packs located throughout the target array. Incremental collections of radioactive materia] deposited from the resultant
base surge and cloud permitted resolution of the gross gamma fields into
initial, free-field, and residual doses and dose rates. Underwater probes
were used to obtain information on radiation from radioactive materials suspended in the water.
For Wahoo and Umbrella, it was found that nearly ail the total gamma

dose occurred within 15 min after zero time and was due to the passage of

air-borne radioactive material. However, the records of gamma dose rate
versus time obtained from the two shots show pronounced and characteristic

differences in the transiting gamma fields.

Gamma doses in excess of 100

r occurred within the first 15 min at downwind distances of lesa than 16,500

ft for Wahoo and 11,000 ft for Umbrella. On both shots the dosage due to

deposited radioactive material on the ships and coracles was from light to

insignificant.

A study of the downwind gamma data showed that a distance

of approximately 23,000 to 28,000 ft from surface zero should be maintained
in order to assure a total free-field dose of less than 25 r.
High Altitude Shot, Yucca
Neutron flux and gamma radiation measurements for the Johnston Island part of the Operation are covered in the summary pertaining to Teak
and Orange.
Measurements of the =eutron flux spectrum and total prompt gamma
ray flux resulting from th: detonation of shot Yucca, a
burst at an altitude of approximately 90,000 ft were planned.

All data were to have been recorded and subsequently telemetered to

& recording ground station. The instrumentation waa contained in a canister
suspended 2,750 ft below the nuclear device by means of a nylon line. Due
to failure of the command transmitter, which controlled the canister operational
functions, the instrumentation was inactive at zero time, and no data were
obtained.
Projects Participating during Developmental Shots
Neutron Flux Measurements. This was a program to document the
neutron flux and spectrum as a function of distance for two shots in the
To achieve this objective, the project participated during
shots Yellowwood and Walnut. The measurements were extended during the
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