5.4.3.1 Physical Removal of Radioactive Materials. Control of both external and internal dose may be directly achieved by removing the radiation sources from areas to which the island inhabitants have direct access. Complete removal of radiation sources would require: e Radioactive soil removal. @ Radioactive scrap removal. e Plutonium removal. b 5.4.3.1.1 Removal of Radioactive Soil. Removing soil containing radionuclides, especially 37C5 and 905,, has dubious value, since extensive land removal and replacement operations could result in serious ecological damage of unknown proportions. For example, the replacement soil could contain chemical, mineral or biological materials having characteristics which were inimical to the growth of the food plants. Such a result would be counterproductive at best, and possible irrevocably destructive. Also there is no guarantee that sufficient soil could be removed/replaced to assure radiological safety to residents, ee-that Ss Operattorrsperionmedfer-thts-PUT PUS MOCO Odie Rave ano 5.4.3.1.2 Removal of Radioactive Scrap. The optional levels of effort in the removal of radioactive scrap are minimal in number. Either none is removed or ali of it is rernoved from all the islands. The differentiation that can be made in considering nonradioactive scrap (physical hazards, obstructive debris, and unsightly debris), does not extend to radioactive scrap. In general, no radioactive scrap should be left on the atoll and thus be available to the world scrap market. Programs not involving radioactive scrap removal must be eliminated from consideration for this reason. Fahlan Aeterna ogTice ton 5.4.3.1.3 Removal of Plutonium. The removal of plutonium bearing soil options are determined by a number of factors including the difficulty in removing the plutonium, the potential use of the land, and the size of the tract involved. Decision making would depend largely on a team of experts to interpret field radiation and radioactivity measurements, to advise on » cleanup actipns, and toprovide necessary health physics support. “Paramount would be time possible,potential hazard to the Enewetak people. The XN scraping and removal of plutonium bearing soil would be performed repetitively. After each scraping, the soil would be sampled and monitored for Pu concentration. Scraping and sampling would be repeated until the attendant scientific advisor had determined that the concentration was reduced to an acceptable level. 5-12