(Reprinted from the Federal Register of September 26, 1961, as corrected]
exposure With respect to the RPG. For
this purpose, the total dally intake of
euch materials, averaced over periods of
the order of a year, constitutes an appropriate criterion,
The control of the {ntake by members
of the general] population of radioactive
materials from the environment can approprialely lnovolve many different kinds
of actions. The character and import of
these actions may vary widely, from those
which entei] little Interference With
usual activities, such as monitoring and
surveillance, to those which involve a
major disruption, such as condemnation
of food supplies. Some control] actions
may require prolonged lead times befare
becoming effective. e.g.. major changes
{n processing facilities or water supplies.
The magnitude of contro] measures
should be related to the degree of likeli- '
hood that the RPG may be exceeded.
The use of a single numerical intake ©
value, which in part has been the practice
until now, does not in many {instances
provide adequate guidance for taking
actions appropriate to the risk involved.
For planning purposes, it is desirable
_that insofar as possible contro) actions
‘to meet contingencies be known in-advance.
It is recommended that:
2. The radiological health activities of
Federal agencies in connection with en‘vironmental, contamination witn rawoactive materials be based, within the
Limits of the agency's statutory responsibilities, on a graded series of appropriate actions related to ranges of intake of
. radioactive materials by exposed popu. lation groups.
In order to provide gujdanre tn tha
_Beencies in adapling the g:i..deu
ape
proach to their own programs, tne
recommendations
pertaining
to the
_épecific radionuclides in thls memorangum consider three transient dally rates.
: of intake by suitable samipies of exposed
Taste Tl—Onavrp Beales or Atnon
Ranges of transicnt
Tale of dally Lotake
Oraded scale of action
~-
Range I..--..-----..- Periodic
confirmatory
veillance as oecessery.
Raoge I........2--.. Quantitative
Range II....-.-.--6-
survelliance
roullne control.
=r
and
Evatuenon and application
additions! cantrel sneasures a
as
necessary.
The Counci) has also reviewed past and
current activities resulting in the release
of these radionuclides to the environment
and has given consideration to future
developments. For each of the nuclides
three ranges of transient daily intake are
given which correspond to the guidance
contained in Recommendation 2, above.
Routine contro! of useful applications of
Tadiation and atomic energy should be
such that expected average exposures of
suitable ramples of an exposed populastion grozp will not exceed the upper
value of Range If. For fodine-131 and
radium-22., this value corresponds to
“he RPG for the average of a suitable
sample of an exposed population group.
In the cases of strontium-90 and stronthom-89, the Council’s study indicated
‘that there is currently no known operational requirement for an intaké value
a5 high as the one corresponding the
Hi..e, & Value estimated to corisae)
respond to doses to the critical organ not
greater than one-third of the RPG has
been used,
The guidance recommended below is
given in terms of transient rates of
{radioactivity) intake in micromicrocu-
ries per day, The upper limit of Range
II {s based on on annua) RPG (or lower,
in case of radicactive strontium) considered as al) acceptable risk for a lifetime.
However, it Js necessary to use averages
over periods much shorter than a life‘lime for both radiation dose rates and
rates of, intake for administrative and
Tetudators miuposes. It ts recommended
lias BUC]: ‘-sriods should be of the order
of cone year. It is to be noted that va)ues
listed
in
the
tables
are
much smaller
than any single intake from which an
individual might be expected to sustain
Snfury,
Gam501515
.
Tance WI—Rannes or Trawssent Rates OF Ihtare
fercnovrcrocumies Fee Dat) ron Use t® Gkabeyu
BcALy or ACTIONS Bowwakrzes ix Vane ll
Radionuctides
Recommendations on Jia-226, I-13,
Sr-90, and Sr-89. The Council has given
specific consideration to. the effects on
man of rates of intake of radium-226,
Jjodine-131, strontiium-90 and strontium89 resulting in radiation doses equal to
those specified in the appropriate RPG's.
population groups. For the other radio“nuclides, the agencies can use the same
-general approach, the detells-of which °
mre considered in Staff Report No. 2.
The general types of action appropriate
when these transient rates of intake fal!
into the different ranges ere also dis.
cussed In Staff Report No. 2. The purpose of these actions is to provide reason- able assurance that average rates of
‘intake by a suitable samri: « anew 4
population group, ave... sample and averaged ovei perives ¢ 6 oe
of the order of one vear, do not exceed
the upper value of Range II. The reneral character of these actions is suggested in the following table.
Tt is recommended that:
3. (a) The following guidance on daily
intake be adopted for normal! peacetime
operations to be applied to the average
a! sultable samples of an exposed population group:
.
Ranre 2
Radium-2......
Jodine—Ti] '.....-6trontium-f™7,._.
Btroctium-sv,...-
0-2
o-10
Cm
OAS
Range 0
22x)
1-10!
Wee
Wr2,000
Ranee TIT aaa
W-bOG
zO-2.00
7, kao
Lp the cose of fodine-121, the sultuble sample would
forclude onty small chifaren.
For aguic. the APG tor
the thyrad would pot be -ercemied by rates of intuke
higher by « factor of 10 thes these applicubix to smal
ehildren.
(b) Federa!] agencies determine concentrations of these radionuclides In alr,
water, or items-of food applicable tc
their particular programs whicharé consistent with the guidance contsined
herein on average daily intake for the
raGionuclides radium-22€, jodine-12],
strontium-90, and sirontium-89.
Some
of the general considerations Liyolved in
the derivation of concentration values
from intake values are given in Stafi Report No, 2.
It is recummended thet:
4. For radionuclides not considered in
this report, agencies use concentration
-yalues in alr, water, or items of food
which are consistent with recommended
Radiation Protection Guides ‘and the
general guidance on Intake.
In the future, the Council wil] direct
attention to the development cf anprepriate radiation protection guidance Jor
those radionuclides for which such consideration appears appropriate cr necesgary. In perticular, the Council w. i]
study any radionuclides for which useful applications of radiation or atomic
energy require release to the environment
of significant amounts of these nuclides.
Federal agencies are urged to Inform
the Council of such situations.
ABRAHAM RIBICOFF,
* Chairman,
Federal Radiation Council.
The recommendations numbered "1"
throuch “4” contained in the above
memorandum are approved for the ruidance of Federal agencies, and the memorandum shall be published in the FroERAL REGISTER. |
JOHN F. KEeNNEDY.
SEPTEMBER 20; 1961.