& ial. 6 Ji- An important part of development is related to increasing by all possible technical means the safety of all nuclear warheade and to incorporating various innovations to assure against unauthorized or illegal use. Weapons systems tests will provide much needed information on the weapon aystem and effects in the environment in which the system will be used operationally. Weapons effects measurements are urgently required in many areas to evalu* ™ hip. ate the effectiveness of our weapons in different environments. The areas of principal uncertainty are the effects in the atmosphere, particularly at high altitudes, which are pertinent to our missile defense, and to radio propagation and radar blackout; to effects in the oceans which are pertinent to fleet operations and snti-submarine warfare efforts; and to effects on hardened underground sites, including both biasct and electromagnetic pulses. We know all too little of effects of surfsce and subsurface burste on partially protected structures and communications essential to effective command and control. These data are meeded to decrease the vulnerabliity of our missile systems and to increase the understanding of the effects associated with the vulnerabilities of our missile sites. At the same time steps will be taken toward achieving a high degree of kill probability on the enemy's delivery systems, insuring continuous communica- tions and radar capabilities, and determining optimum employment tactics for both fleet and land warfare. Sufficient data are not available in all these cases to be abie to make calculations with sufficient. reliability. Also, because additional considerations in the past three years have indicated more relevance of some effects than originally believed in these areas, there is a serious deficiency in data. Furthermore, it is highly probable, as history has shown repeatedly, that new kinds of pertinent effects of great military significance may be discovered. Ses | pags 34

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