Shielding Studies: Among the Civil Effects Test Group experiments are a number to relate the angular distribution of neutrons and rays at various distances, as noted above, with the effects of shielding. Several of the experiments are designed to help further the investigations of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, which began its work in Japan in 1946. The ABBC files contain clinical records of more than 4,000 survivors, Information contained in the files would have more significance for radiation medicine if it could be related to the varying radiation doses received by the individuals under the known shielding conditions and distances that existed. About 65 per cent of the survivors in Japan whose cases are adequately documented were shielded in light wood houses. Shielding studies during the 1957 series will involve construction of two light frame houses and the use of about five transportable light-weight construction buildings ofa type used generally at the Test Site. All construction will be by American construction methods, using principally typical building materials. The houses are expected to provide enough similarity to Japanese or other light types of construction to result in scientific findings on shielding provided by internal or external walls, windows or roofs with relation to exposure in various portions of the structures. - To obtain the desired information, instruments will be placed at various locations within the structures. No animals will be used within the structures, oy The shielding studies of geometrical configurations involving structures will he made quite late in the series. The two houses to be used in the studies and which are to be erected at the Test Site will be essentially bare construction, using light wood in part and with a considerable wall area in windows. Southwestern American type adobe mud will be used for part of the construction. The transportable structures represent a variety of small, single room buildings such as are used commonly for construc- tion offices, tool sheds, and field laboratories. They are made of light wood frame with typical wallboard, masonry or metal sidings, and with asphalt or asbestos shingle or tarpaper roofs. Blast Biology oe Further studies relating to blast biology are being carried out by the Lovelace Foundation and are directed toward obtaining more and other small missiles likely to be produced in an urban area that - 66 - It is expected that the studies JB 3 has been subjected to a nuclear blast. Sam information on the primary, secondary, and tertiary effects of blast. They are a continuation of work begun during 1953-1955, where for the first time a means was devised of obtaining usable information on numbers and types of missiles (flying bricks, timber, glass, etc.) per unit area and on the penetrability of glass and masonry fragments