478 . FLIEDNER, ANDREWS, CRONKITE AND BOND Fig. 4.—“Mitotically connected abnormalities” in bone marrow smears 3.5 years after exposure to 236-365 rads. A: Myelocyte mitosis with aberrant chromosomes; B: myelocyte mitosis with chromosomal bridge; C: tripolar mitosis in early red cell precursor; D-F: binucleated erythroblast at the proerythroblast, macroblast and basophilic normoblast maturation stage. . difference between the means of the high dose group persons and the normals is statistically significant (0.01 > p > 0.001), while p for the “low dose” group is 0.05.* Thus, the latter findings are not significant but suggestive. Not quantitatively evaluated was the apparent increase in red cell precursors with cytoplasmic bridges between cells with clear-cut interphase nuclei in the high dose group as compared to the normal smears. This abnormality has been described by E. Schwarz*° who considered it to represent “residual interzonal fibers.” In a separate approach, bi- or multinucleated erythroblasts were recorded in the course of counting 100 mitoses of all cell types in marrow smears of the exposed individuals and of normal persons. It was found that the means of the frequency of such atypical erythroblasts in the high dose group were 7.4 and 3.3 per 100 mitoses in the low dose group. In smears of normal persons, a total of 161 mitoses were counted in the same way and 1.8 atypical erythroblasts were found per 100 mitoses. Binucleated cells of the myelocytic series occurred at a frequency of 2.5 per 100 mitoses of all types in the normal marrow smears, comparedto 2.2 in the high dose group and 1 in the low dose *Berman’s controls’? have a higher incidence of binucleated cells than ours, Since our controls and irradiated subjects were studied in exactly the same manner, we have chosen to make thestatistical comparison with our controls rather than Berman’s normal values.

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