25 lar disease was probablyof lower incidencein the Marshallese. There were two low readings in the exposed group,one in a 63-year-old woman with abdominalcarcinosis and ascites of ovarian origin and the other in an 81-year-old man ( #46) with marked hypertensive and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 4, Veins. There was nearly a total absence of peripheral venous disease ~ thrombophlebitis, phlebothrombosis, varicose veins, or hemorrhoids - in both men and women. Only one individual showed varicose veins in the lowerlegs, in minimal degree. 5. Other Cardiac Conditions. No patients were observed with luetic, metabolic, or nutritional Table !7 Incidence of Individuals With X-Ray Evidence of Osteoarthritis in Rongelap, by Age and Sex (Only those rated as 2+ or higher are included) Persons with 2+ osteoarthritis No. in Age. vr age group 0- 9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-39 >60 28 23 17 Number Ge Males Total 16 8 5 0 0 0 2 ] 3 4 106 12 Total 23 17 16 12 3 6 11 0 0 1 0 0 4 8 88 13 Total Table 16 shows the major ophthalmological findings. No major differences were found between the exposed and the unexposed groups except, as has been noted in thepast, for a slightly greater incidence of pterygii, pingueculae, corneal scars, and pigmentation in the exposed group. As a whole both groups showed vision and accommodation levels above the average in the United States. The absence of glaucoma was also notable. Theincidenceofretinal arteriosclerosis, squints, and congenital diseases was very low. Nocases of basal cell carcinoma of the eyelidsor of retinitis pigmentosa were seen. The degree of changes in accommodation, visual acuity, arcus senilis, and retinal arteriosclerosis have been plotted against age. The plots show no exposed populations. (See Figures 19 to 22 and further discussion tn the section on aging.) | Slit-lamp examinations of the lens showed no opacities in the exposed Marshallese resembling those that had been noted in the irradiated Japanese. ARTHRITIS SURVEY 1. Osteoarthritis Theincidenceof osteoarthritis, as indicated by the hand and wrist x-ray survey, is shown, by age and sex, in Table 17. The small number ofindi- Males Plus Females O- 9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >60 OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS obviousdifferences between the exposed and un- Females 0~ 9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >60 formsof heart disease. One evident case of inactive rheumatic heart disease occurred in a boy of14 years (2-76) with typical signs of mitral valvular involvement and moderate cardiac enlargement. He was symptom-free andhis electrocardiogram was normal. 5l 40 33 2! 19 14 16 0 0 l 2 1 9 12 0 0 3.0 9.5 5.3 64.3 75.0 194 25 12.9 viduals in the susceptible age groups precludes an accurate estimation of the prevalence; however,it does not appearto be grossly different frc™m that found in the United States white popuiation studied by Dr. Alice Waterhouse and cited by Blumberget al.? In accordance with generalclinical experience, there was no close correlation between x-ray findings and clinical symptoms of arthritis, i.e., subjects with quite advanced osteoarthritis as determined by x-ray often had no complaints referable to their joints.