4, Combination of distance and shielding can be used to decrease cost of shielding 5. D. Remote handling equipment Time - Total radiation exposure in given field of radiation will depend on the length of time in field 1. Limit on time in which an operation may be done may be necessary to keep within maximm permissible weekly exposure 2. Jobs requiring large exposures are accomplished by rotating workers so as to keep individual exposures within allowable limits 3. E. Speed in operation is important Group protective devices 1. Area monitoring devices a. Portable surveying b. Appropriate instrumentation for the exposures involved (1) Ionization chamber - measures gamma, X-ray and presence of beta (2) Proportional type monitor - measures alpha and beta radiation (3) Geiger-Mueller monitor - low and moderate radiation intensities (4) Electroscope monitor - measures X-ray and gamma -~ gives total accumulated dose - measures radiation from intermittent sources 3-4

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