-8 levels were estimated by conducting an aerial survey which was a technique not yet developed to its present reliable state. Also, as has been men- tioned, at the time of BRAVO shot there was not indisputable proof that land surface bursts of high yield would produce such a heavy fallout at distances of a hundred miles and more, thus adding to suspicion of the initial aerial survey reports. Also, the energy yield of the detonation was twice that anticipated.®Despite the best laid plans there always can be some element of risk and hardship in taking action under emergency conditions. However, the decision to conduct the first evacuation from Rongelap and Sifo Islands was easier than the second from Utirik, for here there were many more inhabitants who would be subjected to potential risk and hardship. Also, their maximum estimated lifetime radiation dose was 60 rads - an amount then equivalent to the maximum permissible over only a five-year period for atomic energy workers. Later, when these matters were discussed in the United Nations Trusteeship Council it was a favorable point to show that evacuation had been ordered, But suppose there had been unfortunate acci- dents during the evacuation - perhaps deaths, evacuate have been judged as wise? Would the decision to DOE ARCHIVES There was not, however, a single casualty or injury during any of the evacuations. The well-laid safety plans and their efficient implemen- tation paid rich dividends, But it should be pointed out quickly that these factors were abetted by two conditions (a) there were abundant