rary village was constructed for the Rongelap people (including the 18 from Ailingnae) on Majuro Atoll several hundred miles to the south, where they lived for the following 3% years and were examined at yearly intervals by a special medical team. In July 1957, after careful evaluation of radioactive contamination, Rongelap Island was considered safe for habitation. A new village was constructed, and the Rongelap people were moved there by Navy ship. The annual medical surveys have since been carried out on Rongelap Island. A group of more than 100 Rongelap people, who wererelatives of the exposed people but had been awayfrom theisland at the timeofthe accident, moved back with the Rongelap people to their home island and have served as an ideal comparison population for the studies. The number has since increased to > 200. Following the initial survey of the Utirik people on Kwajalein in 1954, repeat surveys have been carried out on these people about every 3 years, including the 1 2year survey. In addition, during the past survey, as in the previous surveys, a visit was made to Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls for examination of a number of Rongelap people now residing at these atolls, and also groups of children who represent parts of the control group used for the growth and developmentstudies of the exposed children. The accumulation of data from these surveysis becoming increasingly voluminous. Since conditions have not been favorable for performance of extensive statistical analyses or use of electronic computing procedures to store and manipulate the data, the annual survey reports published bythis Laboratory are made as complete as possible. This report, therefore, includes a considerable amount of raw data, muchof it in appendices, so that others may have an opportunity to make further calculationsif desired. Table 1 lists exposure data on the various popu- lations involved in the fallout. In the following summary, except where data are broken downinto moredetail, the exposed group includes the people exposed on Rongelap and on Ailingnae (subject Nos. | to 86). Summaryof Past Findings Reports have been published on the medical findings of surveys made at the following times after exposure: initial examination,' 6 months,” 1 year,* 2 years,* 3 years,’ 4 years,° 5 and 6 years,’ 7 years,“ 8 years,’ and 9 and 10 years.'° Appendix 1 gives a more completelist of reports, including outside publications, on the results of medical surveys of the Marshallese exposed to fallout and includes a section on the radiation ecological studies of these Islands published largely by the University of Washington group. Thefollowingis a brief summary of the medical findings previously reported. Duringthefirst 24 to 48 hr after exposure, about *5 of the people exposed on Rongelap Island experienced anorexia and nausea. A few vomited and had diarrhea, many also experienced itching and burning of the skin, and a few complained of lacrimation and burningof the eyes. None of these symptomswas noted in the Utirik people (14-rad group). Following this, the people remained asymptomatic until about 2 weeksafter the accident, when cutaneous lesions and Joss of hair de- veloped, due largely to beta irradiation of the skin. It was apparent when the people were first examined, a few days after exposure, that the lym- Table | Summary of Fallout Effects * Estimated gamma dose (rads) Group* Composition Fallout observed Rongelap Atlingnae 64 Marshallese 18 Marshallese Heavy (snowlike) Moderate (mistlike) 175 69 Moderate ({mistlike) None 78 14 Rongerik Uurik 28 Americans 157 Marshallese *Also exposed were 23 Japanese fishermen whoreceived a sublethal dose. 5008286 Extent of skin lesions Extensive Less extensive Slight No skin lesions or epilation