a 4. scenic » 20 shownin Figure 8. Because of language barriers, Table 13 such tests are difficult to carry out. Cultural, Subject Timeafter No. insulin, min 2 3 6 8 33 a4 54 65 65 83 25 30 25 25 25 15 30 15 27 30 Blood glucose, mg/100 ml © 31.6 89.6 26.9 29.0 34.0 67.1 35.6 33.6 22.6 38.1 HGH, ng/ml* 4.0 <2.0 <2.0 5.0 <2.0 <2.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 *Assayed by Dr. J. Roth, National Institutes of Heaith, Bethesda, Maryland. The normalfasting level is 0 to 3.0 nanograms/ ml, with at least a 3- to 5-fold rise 60 min after insulin injection. tosplenomegaly. Anotherchild (No. 1055), also born to nonexposed parents, had diagnosticstigmata of mongolism. Theresults of examinations of the neck and thyroid gland are summarizedelsewherein this report. With the exception of the thyroid nodules, no correlation between the devel- opmentof abnormalities in children and exposure to radiation could be suggested. In 1965 assays for human growth hormone levels were done on blood specimens obtained from 8 exposed Marshallese children. After an overnight fast, crystalline insulin was injected intravenously at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight. Blood was drawn at 15 and 30 min. The existing ‘circumstancesin the field precluded the continuation of the hypoglycemic state beyond 30 min. The hormone values were determined by the method of Glick et al.'* The results are summarized in Table 13. Even though a higher level of growth hormonesecretion might have occurredif hypoglycemia had been prolonged, measurable amounts of human growth hormonewerefoundin all children tested. The 2 markedly physically retarded boys were amongthe 8 studied. Whenit is noted that TSH secretion is also adequate in thesechil- dren (see section on thyroid gland), the results qualitatively documentthe existence of anterior pituitary gland function. Goodenough “Draw a Man” tests*° were taken by a numberof children. Some of the drawings are 9008304 the unexposed (control) children were not exam- ined. The trends revealed previously have continued. Amongthegirls, there is no significantdifference between exposed and unexposed children in either the statural or weight curves (Figures 9 and 10). Thereis no significant difference in body weight between exposed and unexposed boys(Figure 11). Among the boysonly, the statural growth of the exposed lags below that of the unexposed subjects (Figures 12 and 13). This difference in stature is better delineated when age at expo- sure is considered (Figure 13). Thus, boys exposed at ages >6 years show nodifference in statural growth from that of unexposed boys. Boys exposed at ages 2 years and younger show the most prominent retardation. Analysis this year indicates that boys exposed at 3 to 5 years of age are also show- ing some lagin statural growth. Children born to exposed parents have demonstrated nosignificant difference in statural and weight growth as compared with children born to unexposed parents (Figures 14 to 17). Skeletal age assessmrents by the method of Greulich and Pyle?* have been plotted against chronological age in boys (Figure 18) andin girls (Figure 19). The lines represent the best fitting linear relationships by the least-squares method. While the curvesfor the exposed group (both boys andgirls) fall to the right of the curves for the unexposed, thedifferences are notstatistically significant. The points representing the markedly growthretarded boys are immediately apparent from inspection. The graphsalso indicate that the skeletal age assessments at given chronological ages for the Marshallese boys and girls are lower (by about 6 to 12 months) than the Greulich-Pyle standardsfor American children. Since September 1965 the exposed children have been given courses of thyroid hormone. tee Assay for Human Growth Hormone (HGH} in Exposed Marshallese Children social, and educational variables also complicate the scoring. The figures are being analyzed with the hope that numerical scores may provide some measure of mental development in the growthretarded children. A detailed analysis of the growth and development data on the Marshallese children during the period 1958 through 1963 has been published.*? The analysis has been extended to include the growth measurementsfor 1964 and 1965. In 1966