79 INTERNAL DEPOSITION OF RADIONUCLIDES detonation was about 4 uc. The distribution of activity in the individual tissues is shown in Table 5.8. Over 90 percent of the beta activity was localized in the skeleton. The highest activity in a soft tissue was found inthe liver, which had, however, less than 0.5 percent of the total body burden. The colon contents hadthe riod. Radioanalysis of the excreta was performed in the same manneras that of the tissue samples, described above. 5.42 Findings and Interpretation Gross Observations, The animals had been free on the islands. Although malnourished, they showed no other evidence of disease. Autopsy of two chickens which died during shipment revealed no pathological findings that could be associated with radiation. On the basis of an assumed 12-houreffective fallout time, the animals from Rongelap received an integrated external dose of 280 to 360 r, depending onthedate of their collection (see Table 5.7). The pigs from Utink received a calculated dose of 32 r at the time of their evacuation. The animals all showed extensive external contamination, ranging from 0.5 to 5 mr per hourat 30 days post detonation. This activity was reduced about 75 percent by a washing with water alone. Radioactivity of Tissues and E'xcreta. The gross beta activity of the pigs at 82 days post second highest activity for the soft tissues, about 0.24 percent of the total. The alveolar tissue of the lung had an activity less than 0.02 percent of the total activity in the body. Gross beta and gammaactivity of the chickens at 74 days post detonation was approximately 0.2 pe. The gross activity per body weight of the chicken is approximately the same as that of the pig. The distribution of activity in the tissues of the chicken (Table 5.9) was verysimilarto that in the pig. Most respiratory ‘adio activity was localized in the turbinates, asa result of entrapment of the large particles, which could not penetrate to the alveolartissue. The beta activity in the skeleton of chickens at 160 days dropped to + percentof the value at 24 days post detonation, while in the same period the gammaactivity dropped to 0.2 percent Table 5.9.—Beta and GammaActivity of Chickens From Rongelap (uc x 10°) DAY oF DEaTH**__. DAY ANALYZED**__.. TISSVE HEN #t HEN #2 HEN #39 HEN #6 HEN #35 HEN #7 HEN #24 DayY 23 Day 23 Day 74 Day 97 Day 121 Day 138 Day 189 Day 24 Day 24 BETA GAMMA| BetA GamMa! Day 79 Beta Day 107 GAMMA Tibia... 222222222 eee 7600 3850 8180 4610 133 695 Skeleton .......2-22-- T1030 55800 11900 66900 1930 8600 119 21 352 271 12 72 Liver... 2.222 2.22_ e BETA GAMMA! 253 3670° a4 140— 79 — 7.5 12.2 1.2 9.3 0 4.5 0.3 0 3.0 63 — 140 10.7 3.9 0, 29 _ 9.0 3.0 —_ 1.4 9.0 — _ 14.2 _ — _ 10.0 8.4 _ _ 14.9 a _ 0, 75 0 _ 0, 26 — 12.4 0.78 0.23 0. 57 4.0 2,0 1.4 4.5 5.6 4.3 0. 24 3. 87 2.0 19 1.0 22 1.7 15,3 «3.7 7.6 09 _ 0.2 _ Gizzard (content)....; Crop_......---2--------| Intestine (L) and contents......-2---.] Intestine (S) and contents.__..--.---_| Pancreas..-.---------} Spleen..._.-- 22-2 ee} Kidney.__.-__.-__.-- .22----2---2 weeeeeeeeeee Leelee eee [eee ee eee eee 0. 93 0. 43 — 5.0 _ 2.0 2-2 -.- 2 eee Leelee _— 0. 63 10.0 ----------------------eee eee 198 46 Leto eee ee ---------Lee eee 12 ene Le 1.6 0.16 _1.17 4.0 26 eeeceeeeeeee Ulett 17 28 -.---------- Lo ---22--e-ee. 0 *Calculated using ratio of gamma activity skeleton/tibia. **Day post detonation. 8.1 117, 5* 18 7.9 8.5 7.6 W7700«13.5 33. 2 437 0.6 VW (Alveoli)___. 31.3 454* GamMMa 3.6 4.1 33 41.3 - 00 Day 159 Beta 10.7 eeee eee eee 32 50 850* Day 146 BETA GamMa! 7.9 ----2------- Lungs 215.5 3120 GAMMA] 10. 3 Gizzard..___..--.--.-| Trachea...-..---.----| Turbinates...-..-..--[ Day 122 BETA 16.8 —_ _— 0. 83 —_ _