OFFICAL USE ON" Y ~ 5 can estimate the net production in the estuary. Curiousiy there is more organic material coming into the estuary trom the ocean than goes out. This means that the material must either be respired or sedimented. Thev are also looking at the sulfur budget of the estuary and find that the estuarv takes sulfate from the ocean and releases it to the atmosphere as sulfide. The tish populations of the estuary vary enormously being by tar the highest in the summer and fall. A great varicty of species are present with the concentration of fish being thousands of times higher than it is in Long Island Sound. His conclusions were that the estuary is a carton sink, Its respiration is very high. Based on this he concludes that the estuars is in fact cleaning the waters ot Long Island Sound and additionally that in effect the estuary serves as a feed lot for fish. Dr. F. W. Studier reported on his studies on the genetics of T-7 bacteriophage. The T-7 is a very small phage consisting of a single molecule of double stranded DNA, It codes tor 25 to 30 proteins. Studier has undertaken to identify all the proteins associated with the various gene loci. In order to do this he has collected a few thousand mutants principally of the amber, temperature sensitive, and deletion type. By manipulating these mutants, and by some refinements in gel electrophoresis, he has been able to identify 22 of the proteins associated with the known pene loci. According to Dr. Studier the amount of protein equals the coding capacity of the T~7 phage DNA, Dr. B. P. Schoenborn described neutron diffraction studies of molecular structure. He pointed out that while x-ray diffraction has been used extensively, it is not entirely satisfactory because of the low scattering ability of the light biological molecules. For example, it is not possibic to see hydrogen, In contrast, the scattering by neutrons is a function of the element and is not related to its atomic weight. By using Fouricr transforms, he is able to see hydrogen very useful been in the exanination of membranes, Nitrogen also shews up verv well. has in distinguishing in a molecule as a negative contour, In seneral neutron diffraction has been large molecules. Their particular interest ribosomes and other cellular componeats and from their studies they can infer semething of the structure of these organolles. Waoen anesthetics are applied to membranes, they apoear to disorder the structure. One problem with this tecnnique is that high neutron fluxes are required, Dr. M. Isaacson discussed plans for building a high resolution transmission scanning clectron microscope. He apparently had previously been associated with the group at the University of Chicago that has built a somewhat smaller machine. The Chicago scope operates at 30 kev, has i resolution ot 5 A and can detect atoms down to Z2=80. Dr. Tsaacson proposes to build a scope that would operate at 100 kev, would have a 1.8 A resolution and could detect atoms as low as 4=30. OFFICIAL USE ONLY