35 TRANSIENT EDDIES 25} 0 10 0 0 10+ 10 -500 1000 i. 95 | i L -50 20+ L - 10 ,0 U) -500 ° 100 0 | '0 WINTER 9 79 =0 C, 40 2 0 (a) * 10} md 5 cD 5 20 -500 5 20 40 C24 a 25} - 1000 = STANDING EDDIES -5 = 1st 0 0 -100 >f ri 395 “| 20+ 0 0 KD a 30 + WINTER l -500° LL -250 -100 1 1 iL 0 STANDING AND TRANSIENT EDDIES -5 0 5 0 winter 20 + 15+ 10+ 5 = 0 90 A 80 70 6 50 40 30 LATITUDE, DEGREES 2 4 2 10 Fig. 1—Distribution of the components contributing to the conversion of zonal potential energy to eddy potential energy, ergs/ cm®/sec for a column 2.5 km deep. a transfer of potential energy from the mean zonal to the eddy state; this is the first step in the atmospheric heat engine after the generation by radiative processes. Additional negative values in the higher latitudes of the stratosphere form a part of the upper-level heat engine. In middle latitudes in the lower stratosphere there is a refrigerated region, and another is evident in the tropics (recently discussed by Starr and Wallace”), It is evident from the data that the standing