SOME ASPECTS OF THE GENERAL CIRCULATION
OF THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE

R, E. NEWELL and A, J. MILLER
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

ABSTRACT
A review is presented of the temperature and wind structure of the
lowest 80 km of the atmosphere. The interaction between radiative and
dynamic processes to produce the observed temperature distribution is
discussed. It is concluded that the lower stratosphere and the mesosphere receive energy from the regions immediately below.
It appears that mass transfer in the lower stratosphere is pri-

marily accomplished by large-scale eddy processes. Forced mean
meridional

circulations

arise

from these processes; the possible

magnitudes and signs of the mean circulations are examined.
Various terms in the energy budget of the lower stratosphere are
presented and discussed for the period of the International Geophysical
Year.

INTRODUCTION
The majority of the studies performed by the Planetary Circulations Project with AEC support have been concentrated on the region

of the atmosphere between 15 and 30 km. Insofar as many of our
findings have indicated that this layer is closely coupled to systems
above and below it, it is perhaps appropriate to commence with a brief
discussion of some general properties of the circulation below 80 km.

CIRCULATION SYSTEMS BELOW 80 KM
Meridional cross sections of average temperature and zonal wind
for winter and summer have been published by several authors (e.g.,
392

Select target paragraph3