STRONTIUM -90 ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE. IU

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to explain this phenomenon, which occurs consistently in the soil data.

It was evident in the earlier surveys and in the incremental depositions between 1960 and 1963. Among the explanations of the cause ad-

vanced have been the mean storm tracks over the United States, the

effect of the Rockies in creating vertical motions, and the position of
the jet stream. None of these explanations has been rigorously tested,

due principally to lack of adequate data. It is interesting to note that
the Public Health Service Radiation Surveillance Network data indicate
that the ground-level air in the Great Plains states does not contain a

higher concentration of gross beta activity than air in other sections in
the country. The HASL precipitation collectors do indicate somewhat

higher deposition per inch of rainfall, but the total deposition during
the 1960 to 1963 period is lower than that in the soil increment. (Unfortunately, there are no directly comparable soil sites and precipitation collectors in this area.) Although the northeastern states receive

about three times more (45 vs. 15 in.) annual rainfall than does, say,
Rapid City, S. Dak., in the late spring months, the period of maximum
deposition, the average rainfall at Rapid City is quite comparable to

that in the northeastern states. There is a pronounced spring maximum
of rainfall in the Great Plains states, whereas there is a relatively
uniform distribution of precipitation throughout the year in the north-

eastern states. Recent studies have also shown that the precipitation
in the Great Plains states occurs from clouds extending to much higher
altitudes than those in the northeastern states.® Precipitation clouds
extending about the tropopause are quite rare in New England, but they
are a common phenomenon in the spring thunderstorms over the Great

Plains. This may contribute to the high deposition rate althoughit
cannot serve to explain all the difference. Another suggestion is that

dry

deposition

is

possibly more important over the Great Plains

region. Surface winds over the Great Plains are, on the average, higher

than over any other large region of the country. This may result in
greater impaction of particles on growing vegetation.

CONCLUSION
The global soil survey provides useful information on the total

deposition of *Sr on the surface of the earth and on the characteristics

of its distribution. The observed distribution seems to correlate
principally with latitude and precipitation amounts. Mechanisms re-

sponsible for deviations from the expected pattern are being studied.

REFERENCES
1. L, T, Alexander, R. H. Jordan, R. F. Dever, E. P. Hardy, Jr., G.H. Hamada,
L. Machta, and R. J. List, Strontium-~90 on the Earth’s Surface, USAEC Report TID-6567, February 1961.

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