8

FREILING, CROCKER, AND ADAMS

tained from the radiochemical analysis of fractionated fallout samples)

to predict fractionation effects.4 When so used, with a lognormal
particle-size distribution, mass-balance requirements are automatically fulfilled for each mass chain. The assumptions of spherical
particles and radial power distribution guarantee logarithmic correla-

tions for monodisperse samples, and mass-balance fulfillment can be
expected for any overall particle-size distribution.
The thermodynamic equilibrium model can be utilized in a semi-

bo

—
Q
oa

UNFRACTIONATED EXPOSURE-DOSE RATE, %

empirical manner by using it as originally described to calculate the

CONTRIBUTION OF
NEGLECTED
GROUP

sy
oO

an
oOo

80 L/

I

ALL VOLATILE GROUP
Se etSon ALL REFRACTORY GROUP OSTaso

0

pees
0.1

po pepeee pepe pe pe
0.2

O38

04

O05

06

O07

0.8

0.9

1.0

Ta9,95
Fig. 3—Semiempirical model prediction of the effect of fractionation
on the 1.12-hy dose vate for a burst in which solidification occurs in
6 sec.

degree of fractionation for each sample and then attaching to that sam-

ple the effect empirically expected for that degree of fractionation. It
has not yet been demonstrated, however, that mass-balance requirements will then be fulfilled. The seriousness of this defect would be
less for dose-rate estimates than for radionuclide partition and may

not be serious in either case, compared to the magnitude of other un-

certainties.
Figure 3 shows the percentage of unfractionated exposure-dose

rate expected for different degrees of fractionation at 1.12 hr from a

burst in which solidification occurred in 6 sec. According to Miller’s
estimates’ this would correspond to a yield of 25 kt. The prediction
indicates a maximum depletion of a factor of 5 in the dose rate from
local fallout. We have data from the 1962 test series in Nevada which
indicate that depletion may be much greater in actual situations. The
observations require further substantiation and verification, however.

Select target paragraph3