690 SESSION HIB DISCUSSION VAN MIDDLESWORTH: When measuringthe total beta concentration, what is the contribution from the natural radioactivity in the soil, i,e., SOil swept up by the winds as dust. Has there been any evaluation of the radium content of this dust? Would the contribution from this source be large or small? HUFF: You are touching on a point that I mentioned that the relatively large concentration at the beginning of the storm period may very well be related to entrainment of low-levelor surface particulates into the storm. As I said, we have some indirect evidence that is dis- cussed in one of our progress reports. We cannot quantitatively state that 10 or 20 or 50% of the beta concentration on the leading edge of the storm is coming from this source. I wish we had measurements that would allow us to do this. In relation to the radon problem, we store the samples for several days before we use them to try to reduce the radioactivity from this source in our analyses. I would be glad to discuss this with you in more detail later. STOUT: Mr. Gatz, do you have cases where there were two consecutive rain showers with little or no break in the rain and youstill found a high pollen content during the second shower period? GATZ: We have such a case but not in any of the rains reported here. The rain of May 9, 1964, which we sampled near Chickasha, Okla., had two rather intense rainfall-rate peaks. The peaks occurred 13 min apart and were separated by a short period of relatively light rain. The data on pollen concentrations are not yet available, but the radionuclides showed the usual temporal variations in both bursts. That is, the concentration was high at the beginning of the rain burst and then fell rapidly. It will be extremely interesting to see if a Similar pattern occurred with the pollen concentrations. REITER: It seems to me that not only the pollen is “sticky” but the whole problem is because now we have three points of view here. Your impression seems to be that the low-level air carries most of the radioactivity because of the agreement with pollen concentrations early in the storm. There also seems to be some evidence that quite a number of storms may have high concentrations of contaminants due to the tapping of the stratosphere by cloud tops. From the one case which we analyzed, we are convinced that some low tropospheric intrusion of stratospheric air got tapped by precipitation. SHLEIEN: Have you considered the possibility of material originally deposited on the ground being whipped up by winds and redeposited in rainfall? GATZ: We haven’t made any calculations, but this may very well be the source of a part of the contaminants in the low-levelair.

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