RADIOACTIVITY VS. HEIGHT IN NUCLEAR CLOUDS 631 consistent effect on the cloud heights. Evidently, the effect of the burst height was masked by the influence of meteorological factors and/or the errors in the cloud-height estimates. Selected data” were added from other Pacific test series to aid in drawing the mean curve and the curves for the estimated range of cloud heights (see Fig. 1). Almost all the detonations in previous U. 8S. 1 80 LTT] 160 Le PY TT PEt ge ta by] TEdt yt iiee ESTIMATED -— RANGE “6 y49 J aor > 120 wf ra of ia \ — an _ ” 100 -- — > — < So | < 80 — = GO Fee eee so" _ —_ o Op" a a) _ a 0 VU so Viltliil FLi titi ited ettil | bit tii 30 50 100 ———— KILOTONS 500 ] —>-+ TOTAL YIELD 5 10 MEGATONS 50-100 Fig. 1—Cloud-top heights and estimated range for air bursts (180Y°%4 < burst height < 0.15 Hy) in a tropical atmosphere. tests in the Pacific had been surface bursts, and the documentation of nuclear cloud dimensions had been generally poor. The curves shown in Fig. 1 are intended to be valid only for air bursts in a tropical atmo- sphere and for burst heights less than about 15% of the expected cloud- top heights. For this purpose, an air burst may be defined as a detona- tion at an altitude equal to or greater than 180y°" where Y is the total yield in kilotons. It is emphasized that there are no reliable cloud-top data for yields greater than about 5 Mt, and the extrapolation of the curves beyond this point represents little more than an educated guess. Indeed, over the entire range of yields shown in Fig. 1, the dashed curves indicate only the expected range of cloud heights for the stated conditions and should not be interpreted as representing absolute a limits.

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