Radiological Concerns The primary radiological problems are the result of residual fission and activation produces in the 1) ixterrestrial environment. They have been identified by previous environmental surveys as follows: cercal radiarcon levels significantly ‘iszher on some .slands in an acoll compared to levels on Lizhe’y cont:minated ~.) Lsianas. Fiss1onm and activation orocuct radivaccivity in cercain terrestrial food items now growing on islands of these acolls and the possibility thac unaccepcable levels of these radionuclides may appear in foods, plants and animals newly introduced into these atolls. 3) Radioactivity in the ground water, » a possible source of drinking water and water sy s&s urcaice se 't. The: previous radiological survey reports. Table L. acto +s Hot spots Eneu Outer edge Island center N.E. corner Bokantuak, Iomelan, Rojkere, Eonjebi Aerokoj-imenman complex: Aerokoj, Aerokojlol Bikdrin, Lele Eneman East Eneman West Eneman Enidrik Ease Enidrik West Enidrik Mator_coneribustors 2/Cs .010=,330 60co, -OB0=, 120+ -002=.010 -001-,010 Lomi lik Odrik, Lroij. ke 60¢9, 1255, 102m, -001-.010 -020-.570 1003=,235 6065, 125,,, 102m, -003-.030 -010-.235 020,050 .010-.030 -005=.020 .020=, 330 .010-,040 Cs wk .001-.570 -060-.130 .015-.045 C8152 we .006-.010 -010-.035 Bokbata 137 ~010-.030 -015-.150 -110-.330 ~003-.010 Bokaetoktok Aomen-[roij complex: Aomen Plutonium and americidm Rize -01L0-.120 -010-,030 .020-,040 050.080 .060~, 200 Bokdrolul 4) (mR/hr) Exposure rate Luko| Jelete Oroken irrigation. Gamma Radiation Rates in dikini aAcoll” Island Bikini Weathered areas Close to shore Island center Nem for p ate illustraved by daca in Taples 1 throush 4 taken iren . 6005, 255, 102m), “™ k e 600, 137c, 4, 12555 wk "See ref, 9. wee No soil sampie or Field spectra measurements. In some cases, the predicted doses and dose commitments derived from survey information for Bikini and Enewetak Atolls approach or even exceed national and international radiation protection standards for certain Living and dietary patterns. Corrective actions or restrictions must be placed on use of these atolls and their resources to assure that the applicable radiation standards are not exceeded, Herein lies the primary justificacion for the continuing environmental followup surveys sponsored by ERDA. Environmental Monitoring The most important sources of exposure to people Living on Rongelap and to future residents of Bikini and Enewetak Acolls are from incterral deposition of radioisotopes from certain elements iu the human diec, and from the long term occupancy of islands having external radiation dose rates higher than natural background, Aside from periodic re-evaluations to establish trends in external dose rate teduction, external radiation monitoring will assume less significance, compared to monitoring of the food chain, as time passes. At present, annual visits are being made to idencify and collect representative samples of local diecs for taboratory analysis and dose commitment updates. New locally grown food items are becoming available in small quantities on Bikini Island as a resule of the experimental agriculeural practices of a small group of caretaker families living there. Neither Bikini Aroll, where radiological cleanup has been completed, nor Enewetak Atoll where clean up has not yet begun, have a subsistence igriculture resource in being which fs sufficient te suppore the anticipated populations which will one day live there (though such crops are currently being developed or planned).