Kienzler and Polig (1975) and Polig (1975a, b) have reported on the use
of alpha autoradiography in biological studies.
Film determinations of
natural alpha activity have been used in uranium exploration (Gingerich,

1975) and geochronology (Fisher, 1977).

Bhatt and Singh (1974) have

suggested film use for ; lutonium contamination measurements, Center and
Ruddy (1976) have applied the method to characterization of alpha-radioactive aerosols, and Levy et aZ. (1977) have used it to study the history
of uptake of Pu by a coral in Bikini lagoon.
Alpha autoradiography has many advantages:
it is nondestructive; it
yields information about the spatial distribution of activity within a
sample; and for many applications, it is faster, simpler, and less
expensive than conventional radioanalytical techniques.
Its failure to
achieve wider application has probably resulted from the fact that,
until recently, commercial detectors and standard methods were not

available, requiring investigators to develop their own films and validate

technique on a step-by-step basis.
However, Eastman Kodak now markets
two alpha-sensitive cellulose nitrate films (CA 80-15, 100 um thick, and
LR-115, with a sensitive layer thickness ranging from 6 to 13 um depending on type and batch), and a substantial literature on their use and
characteristics has developed (for example, Costa-Ribeiro and Labdo, 1975;
Qaqish and Besant, 1976; Spurn¥ and Turek, 1976; Levy et al., 1977;
Eastman Kodak, no date).
The purpose of the study reported on here was to investigate the utility
of Kodak LR-115, Type II for rapid quantitative or semiquantitative

activity measurements and studies of activity distribution in biogeochemical samples and environments contaminated with plutonium.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Most of the work reported here was done with batch I.76.1 of Kodak LR-115,

Type II film.

This film has a dark red cellulose nitrate layer 13 um

thick deposited on a plastic backing.
The recommended development
procedure (Eastman Kodak, no date) is to etch in 2.5 N NaOH solution at
60° C. for 90 minutes.
Under these conditions, damage tracks resulting
from alpha particles with energies less than 4 MeV are expected to etch
completely through the cellulose nitrate layer, leaving holes on the
order of a few um to a few tens of um which may readily be observed,
counted, and measured with transmitted light.
Activity sources and samples used included commercial 241am standard
planchets, Pu-electroplated planchets which had been accurately counted
by alpha spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, and soils,
sediments, and other samples from the Pu/Am-contaminated environments of
Enewetak and Bikini atolls.

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