instead, the calculated collection efficiency determined by Equation 1
for each sample should be used.
Comparing the Pu results in Table 2 for the reef and groundwater, however, we find large discrepancies in the concentration determined by the
MICE and radiochemical methods.
This becomes even more apparent if we

compare the calculated efficiency of the MICE samples and the measured

efficiency using the radiochemical data.

The other notable difference in Table 1 and Table 2 is the range of

activity in the 1 pm prefilters.
In the ocean and lagoon samples, the
particulate Pu ranges between 8 and 64% (average 26 + 16%) of the total
sample concentration.
The concentration range of particulate Pu for the
reef and groundwater was 12 to 98% of the total sample activity with an

average of 67 + 28%.

The higher calculated collection efficiency for

the reef and groundwater samples could be caused by microparticulates

penetrating the prefilter and being sorbed on the first MnO» cartridge.

If this were the case, then, the measured collection efficiency (value
of A/RC in Table 2) should also be higher than the lagoon samples.
But
this is not the case.
Plutonium associated with microparticulate or
colloidal materials, if present in the reef and groundwater, is not
Ppreconcentrated significantly by the first MnOo cartridge.
In the seven reef and groundwater samples, an average af only 334% of the

plutonium measured by radiochemistry was accounted for by the MICE
procedure.

This may be an indication that the reef and groundwater

contain plutonium in chemical forms that are not readily exchangeable

with the MnOo cartridge.

An attempt was made to further characterize the Pu in the reef water by
passing aliquots of filtered samples through the four types of ion
exchange resins listed in Table 3.
The cation exchange resin, AG-50, retained 28% of the plutonium; the two
anion exchange resins, AG-1 and AG-21K, adsorbed 23-28%; and the Chelex100 adsorbed essentially 100% of the total filterable amount determined

on a separate aliquot by radiochemistry.

We also estimated the plutonium

associated with the organic materials in the water by incorporating a

charcoal cartridge in line with the MICE samples.

In one sample, 4% of

the plutonium activity in the filtrate was found in the charcoal when it

was placed ahead of the MnO» cartridges and 3% was adsorbed when the
charcoal cartridge was placed behind the MnO, filters.
This small but distinctly organically bound fraction of Pu was not

adsorbed by the MnO> cartridges.

The high adsorption shown by the chelating resin, Chelex-100, suggests
that the major fraction of plutonium in the filtrate is chemically
reactive.
The high Chelex-100 value also indicates that inorganic
species different from that found in the lagoon, perhaps strongly complexed, are the probable form of plutonium in the reef water.

589

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