The
the
and
for

correlation coefficients show significance of the correlations at
95% level (or higher) for three sets of data:
Shots 2, 4 (Set b),
5.
However, for these, m is significantly different from zero only
Shots 2 and 4 (Set b), and of these, m < 0.1 for Shot 2.
The corre-

lation in Shot 4 (Set b) is not duplicated in Set

tre

"a" tt from this shot.

The correlation coefficients are significant at the 90% level for Shots 1
(239/147), 3, and 8.
The value of m is significantly different from
zero only for Shot 3, although we see 88% significance levels for Shot l.
It is our conclusion that these results confirm the qualitative statement
made by Russell (1966):
Plutonium, and by inference uranium, behaves
like a refractory nuclide in shots on or over coral.
The behavior is
not entirely clear in the shot detonated at shallow depth

(Johnie Boy).

The apparent behavior of plutonium is a little less refractory than that
of the rare earths, as evidenced by the calculated negative slope of the
correlation.
The significance of the slope has not been established
definitely.
The remaining three shots over alluvium all had scaled
heights of burst of about 200 feet or more and approached free-air bursts.
In all of these, the apparent plutonium behavior was about the same as
the behavior of the 144ce, which is refractory.
It would appear, then, that no large errors are made when it is assumed
that the plutonium and refractory fission products are distributed
similarly, and that, therefore, plutonium behavior may be inferred from
gross beta or gross gamma measurements.
Any errors caused by this
inference would be such that the plutonium concentrations would be
overestimated in fallout samples if such estimates are made on the basis
of cloud-sample analyses.

REVIEW OF RADIOACTIVITY DATA

Airbursts

The objectives of this work do not relate to free-air bursts.
Yet a
capsule overview of radionuclide behavior in such shots is appropriate,
not only because airbursts comprise the limiting case of height-ofburst phenomena, but also because radionuclide behavior in all or most
balloon shots resembles radionuclide behavior in airbursts.
Some of the
work in this country has been published (Benson and Leventhal, 1965;

Nathans, 1971), but most of it remains as yet unpublished (primarily

work by Hicks, Stevenson, Nathans and Benson, and Nathans).

The specific beta and gamma activities of particles larger than about 2
or 3 um of medium- and high-yield shots is usually independent or only
very slightly dependent on the particle size.
Figure 1, where the
points represent grouped data, shows an example.
Regression analysis

567

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