NSs-219 and 221 are also currently under study by the NAEG.
Some preliminary information on these sites was given by Gilbert et al. (1977b).
Phase 1 sampling was conducted at these sites during 1977. Dave Brady
of REECo is the principal investigator at Ns's-219and 221. Phase 1
results are discussed by Brady et aZ. (1978) and Essington (1978).

VARIABILITY WITH ALIQUOT SIZE STUDY AT NUCLEAR SITE-201

A special study at NS-201 was also conducted during 1977 to help evaluate
the relationship between Am (Ge(Li)) concentrations in soil aliquots of
different sizes (1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 grams).
Twenty-four adjacent
surface soil samples (5-inch diameter, 5-cm deep) were pooled together

and mixed.

All aliquots were withdrawn from the combined sample.

The

24 samples were collected 150 feet from ground zero along a line transect
(see Figure 9 in Gilbert et al., 1977b, for the location of the transect).
The Am activity at that location was about 1.9 nCi/g.
Details

concerning the statistical design and analyses of this study are given
by Doctor and Gilbert (1978). This study was motivated in part by
Wallace and Romney (1977a), who discuss the large variability expected in
soil samples that have Pu concentrations ac the low levels suggested for
cleanup.
In general, these data indicate a linear relationship between aliquot

variability (standard deviation) and aliquot size (both in logarithmic
scale) over the range of aliquot sizes studied (standard deviation
decreasing with aliquot size).

A number of questions are raised by

these results. Does this relationship also hold for Pu variability?
Will this relationship be different in areas of higher or lower concentration? Will similar results prevail at safety-shot sites where larger
particles of Pu may be present? We recommend that future studies be
conducted at nuclear sites and safety~shot sites to evaluate these and
other questions.

BLOW-SAND MOUND STUDIES

Initial Efforts

The original soil sampling for estimating surface (0-5 cm) inventory at
safety-shot sites was not designed to study the amount or distribution

of Pu within blow-sand mounds separately from desert pavement areas. It
is true, however, that mounds were sampled, since soil sample locations
were chosen at random within strata.

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However, the number sampled was

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