45937 RECOIL PROTONS [IN LIVER AND KIDNEYS. Majew- ski, C.; Wszolck, B.; Kukiel, E. (J, Strus Municipai Hospital, Poznan, Poland). Pol. Med, J., 7: LL73-7(21966), Transialed from Patol. Pol,, 18: No, 4(1u67). Recoil protons are recorded in nuclear emulsions when dehy~ drated homogenates of renal clear-ceil carcinoma, Guerin epi- theHoma. and liver and kidneys of rats with implanted Guerin epithelloma were exposed. Recoil protons were formed as a re- sult of elastic collision of fast neutrons with hydrogen ntoms from nuclear emulsion. The described phenomena may play an important role in living organisms in which hydrogen is one of the fundamental elements. (auth) 45938 RADIATION DOSAGE AND COMPLICATIONS IN CERVICAL CANCER THERAPY, Peckham, Ben M.; Kline, Joyce C.; Schultz, Alwin E.; Cameron, John R.; Vermund, Halvor (Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison). Amer. Jd, Obstet. Gynecol., 104: 48594(June 15, 1969). Computerized dosimetry in 346 patients treated by a combination of intracavitary and supervoltage radiotherapy permitted a detailed analysis of dose delivered and an analysis of severe complications in relation to dose. The radiation delivered to the blidder, rectum, paracervical area, and the pelvic wall is described for a technique in which a calculated bladder and rectal tolerance was used us the limiting factor for total central dose. Rectovaginal and vesicovaginal fistulas occurred in only 1.4% of the patients, but other serious bowel and ureteral complications were seen in 6.4%. There Were 16 severe bowel injuries (8 necrosis and/or perforation and 8 obstructive). In addition, there were 18 cases of proctitis and 16 of cystitis, Three other serious complications included 1 severe pelvic infection requiring exploration and 2 bone complications (necrosis of the femoral head and a traumatic subcapital fracture). Most injuries occurred in patients in a relatively early stage of disease. No significant correlation could be found between dose ranges in the bladder, rectum, or paracervical area and compheations. However, there was a significantly greater numberof bowel and ureteral complications in patients receiviny 2 intracavitary applications compared with only 1. (BBB) 45939 MEDICAL BASIC PRINCIPLES WHICH SERVE AS THE BASIS FOR THE BODY OF REGULATIONS CONCERNING IONIZING RADIATION, LaFontaine, A. (Instituut voor Hygiene en Epldemiologte, Brussels). Bull, Belgicatom, 12: 19-22(MayJune 1967), (In Flemish). A radicbiclogical effect depends on the quantity of energy absorbed by living matter, Factors governing this include the spatial and temporal propagation of radiation in the organism, and the type of radiation and the kind of irradiated tissue. General characteristics of radicpathological effects are the variety of symptoms, general nonspecificity, and appcarance as combined ei fects. There may be a very long latent period. Radiopatholugical cffects are briefly described for the head, hematupoielic organs, legs, eye, and sex organs. Effects of total-body irradiation are described, with emphasis on the acute irradiation syndrome, irradtation of the fetus may produce congenital malformation, Genetic influences include dominant and recessive mutated genes. The relation between dose, effect, and radiation protection is described. The simplest chemicai radioprotective agents, MEA and AET, are noted. Physicians are urged to acquire special knowledge of radiation problems. (BEB) 45940 EFFICIENCY AND LIMITATIONS OF LASERS AS WEAPONS, Meyer-Arendt, Jurgen R. (Pacific Univ., Forest Grove, Oreg.), Amer. J, Optom., 45: 188-91 (Mar. 1968), Biological effects of laser radiation, particularly in the eye, are Teviewed and the use of lasers as military weapons is considered. . «Laser radiation entering the eye will be focused on the retina, {n_Creasing the energy density by at least 100 times. This energy is eet ae:e Thpa 7 i my; eS, teeMeF bone * Tee ee iS, os+P 43 . then absorbed primarily by the pigment in the retinal epithelium. Even at low irradiance the pigment epithelium becomes disorga= Mlzed. In more severe cases the epithelium can virtually explode, forming vapor bubbles and cdusing severe hemorrhages surround- 43 ing the vaporized and destroyed tissue. Most of this is due to heat # . effects although pressure waves, ionization, and, perhaps, gaseous 3, - Plasmas may alao play a role, The typical lesion in the retina x1 GOnsists of 9 zones. In the center, plgment granules are severely disarranged and dislodged. Some black pigment may actually be ejected into the vitreous humor, A hemorrhagets often found in _. front of the retinal lesion,. A-marked decrease in certain enzyme *,, Activities may be found with even the slightest damage, and such lesions occur first at the hot ‘spots of a laser beam, the regions of slightly higher energy density within a beam of non-uniform _ Shergy distribution. This explains why minimal lesions can be Zz Smaller than the actual diameter of the laser beam on the retina. < Severe cases, the choroid {s damaged as well. From the center, - 4701 LIFE SCIENCES Nov. 30, 196? eat {6 dissipated by conduction and this produces a surrounding zone of edema and conpulation. This cone, i turn, is surreanded by a region showing some orange iscoluration and other vt-turbanees in the normal piypment which retinal lesigns develop ys ruby laser, (BBB) 45941 distribution. The ‘hpeshole cbeye PT! vem with yp copeendi nal A DRAMATIC CAsr OF SPINO-CELL! LAR nd PTHE- LIOMA GN RADIODIFRMATITIS OF THE SCALD. Fr.; Preaux, J.; Texter, Ml. T4: 203-2(1967). Varbremeersch, Pull. sec, Fr, Dermatol, Sypniligr., (in French). The case history of a womon, ceed 38 sre, with sping-cetlubar epithelioma on radiodermatitis of the scalp is repurted ‘The wornan hid received an overcxpesure trom ridivthe raps, resulting in vcute radionecrosis of the coalp ancc.rs. Shooaces cinco treatment for Tyre, then cuter a lupe ot 6 yrs she cn ra needed treat ment foe vast infected ulecration: of the scalp. Seven vrs lates she vas again under treatment for benign ulceration: and a spines cellular cpithelioma. Both time. one cefused tas omptete the course ot treatment. Pwowrs biter, im Pd7, sce caein ea. ander treaiment for ocerpilul matignunt Gaacor. Surei ab reatment was Planned, but the patrent devetopest a otiassite oce pital invasion that nade the surgery Impossible. dhe patheat was pet unde d aieviation treatment und died in uly Poq7. GES 45742 BOND. CHANGES IN OCCU VATION ATL KADIODE AMA TIFIS. Kolar, J.; Vrabec, By; dirasek, (4: Hew, Vi, Peskaya, H. (Charles Univ., Prague). Acta Chir. Plast., tu: 74-2001958%), Bone changes in 8d patients with oecusstousd danigge te the skin caused by radiation were evcdiedted and chissahied. Alost oatient= were physicians and laboraters technichias working with veriaus kinds of toniving radiation, i most cases x-ray apparatus. All showed chronic radiation changes in dhe shin, i.e, utroph,, belangiectasia, fissures, erosion, ulceration, and hyperkeratesis, Mm more thaa s0O ot the patients there Were clignant changes The bone changes induced dy the direct oflecr of irradiation of the bune and secondarily by ie striction of netrition of bune duc to danage to the vessels by radiation may be of concern in therapy, specially for plastic surgical operations. Investigation of the coucition of the bone is considered an indispensable part of the preoperative examination in these patients. Bone uvury is accompanied by osteoporosis, “hich is more marked at the end. of the tubular bones of (he hand especially in the phalanges. Reconstruction of bene occurs first in the distal and medical phalanges, ‘hen in the’ basal ones and only in a considerably a:shanced stage at the ends of the inetacarpals. The basic features of the rebuilding precess are those of by pertraphic osteoporusis; the camoaet bone in the phalanges is usucily thinned, Some of the trebeculac "the spongiosa are disordered and the remaining ones thickoncc. Changes in the joints are, as a rule, found oniy in cases with severe damage, l.e¢., in those with advanced atrophy, ulcerations, and hyperkeratuses of radiation origin. They appear a. t slowly progressing creding arthviti: that, in paticnts after therapetitie irradiation, usually affects a singic joint. In occupational injury to the hands interphalangeal joints are affected. In the radiographs, the first signs consist in marginal! erosions on the edge of the articular surfaces that gradually become more extensive and finally show a picture of advanced eroding, acthritis with destructien of the articular surtace. (BLE) 45943 LUTION, MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES OF RADIOACTIVE POL- Dunham, Cc. 1. (Atomic Energy Commission, Wash- ington, D. C,), ADM (Rev, Asoc, Dent, Mex.), 24: 153-8 (Mar.Apr, 1967), (mn spanish). An assessment is made of the extent of distribution of radio- nuclides in the biosphere as a result of nuclear testing and increas- ing use uf nuclear sources of power, as well as of the risks of contamination and of the known biological effects of radiation. Levels of ®sr, 8icg, 4c, 251, and ™*pu released by nuclear testing are discussed. Surface tests equivalent to 511 Mét of TNT relessed ~20 MCt of Sr into the atmosphere. The carcinogenic potential of these radionuclides are considered. Tables are given which show the projected number of genetic defects and of leukemia and osteosarcoma expected from fallout radiation in the United States. It is suggested that man-made radiation levels are low compared with other environmental and medical sources of irradiativn, and that the risks to future generations are very small. (BBB) 45944 RESULTS OF RADIATION TREATMENT OF BLADDER CARCINOMA WITH ULTRAHARD X RADIATION FROM A 17-Mev BETATRON. Vieten, H,; Guenther, D. (Univ, Duesseldorf}, Urologe, 6: 83-7(Mar.-Apr, 1967), @n German), Complications of treatment of bladder carcinomas with highvoltage (17-MeV) betatron irradiation were discussed. The greatest danger of this type of irradiation was development af radlogenic cystitis due to extremely rapid disintegration of the tumor. Thig was particularly true in inoperable patients where irradiation was the only treatment feasible. In order to prclong