CHAPTER VI, SECTIONS 2 and 3 a study of contours and elevations on Sites Elmer, Fred, and David was made jointly by Project 50.1 personnel and H&N, and recommendations for sand-bagging and berming various installations were promulgated. The recommendations were effectively carried out by the Construction Division, and only minor damage from high overpressures and wave action was experienced. Because it was mandatory to maintain a camp at Site Oboe until the last event on Site Tare, it was necessary to provide numerous protective measures. A 6-foot-high earth berm was constructed around the north and east perimeters, followed by a building-re-inforcing program which was completed in late May 1958; provisions were made to maintain an exit at the marine ramp for the movement of equipment which could be closed and opened after each event. Subsequent requirements made it necessary to provide further re-inforcing and dismantling of buildings and removing of equipment from the camp. Panels were removed from buildings, banded, and stored, and other equipment and facilities which remained on the site were secured. After the last event at Site Tare these panels were replaced, and all buildings were given a protective coat of paint. Thepossibility of radioactive contamination resulting from the test events at Johnston Island was very remote; however, precautionary measures were taken for the protection of foodstuffs, dishes, and galley equipment. Also, all air intake systems supplying the underground bunkers and other manned stations were shut down prior to missile launch time. All personnel remaining ashore during events were issued full rad-safety protective clothing and film badges in case of a possible “one point’? detonation resulting from missile malfunction. Based on the prediction of thermal radiation and blast overpressures from the ORANGE event, a complete camp clean-up program was effected to preclude the possibility of fire destruction, and buildings were opened to the fullest extent to allow pressure equalization. The realized thermal radiation was much lower than anticipated, which consequently precluded the fire hazard. However, the resultant overpressures closely paralleled predictions, and even though buildings were opened a few window glass panes were broken. SECTION 3 EVACUATION The evacuation of personnel from all north- ern Eniwetok sites to David, Elmer, and Fred was effected for every event at that atoll. The only exception was TG 7.1 personnel who were required to remain on station at Site Bruce. Personnel evacuations at both atolls were closely coordinated with J-3, JTF-7, and J-3, TG 7.1. In all cases, evacuations were planned to bring about full-scale support to the Using agencies and still afford maximum protection and safety to all personnel. The capability to conduct an emergency post-shot evacuation of all personnel at both atolls was maintained throughout the Operation. Evacuation Officers, Muster Officers, Beach Masters, and Transportation Control Agents were issued special instructions to follow in the event of an emergency evacuation to ensure orderly, safe, and expeditious departure of all personnel. Upon receipt of instructions for evacuation, all TG 7.5 personnel were accounted for by pro- cedures outlined in instructions from E-3. Nor- mally, by D minus 5 Day all personnel excess to operations were evacuated to main base camps at Elmer and Nan, and by noon of D minus 1 Day all nonessential personnel and equipment had been evacuated in readiness for Page 448 the event. Only authorized personnel were then permitted to enter or remain in these areas. By 1630 hours of D minus 1 Dayall personnel were accounted for by sight muster through the Muster Officers, who reported any irregularities to E-3. Rosters of personnel accountability were maintained on an hourly basis, or more frequently if required. At Bikini Atoll it was necessary to evacuate all nonessential personnel to ships for the SYCAMORE and POPLAR events; only those personnel essential to test operations were permitted ashore, and well in advance of the shot, musters were reported to ensure their presence in either Station 70 or Building 204 on Nan. During the SYCAMORE delay period, only essential personnel were permitted to leave the ships daily to perform duties necessary for support missions. In the planning stage it was determined to evacuate personnel from all sites to Nan for all other events, but because of the housing shortage it was necessary to evacuate some personnel to ships for the FIR and NUT- MEGevents. Subsequent to NUTMEG, JTF-7 approved the plan to occupy the Oboe camp during events in the northern part of Bikini Atoll and evacuate only for the three events at Site Tare.