SUBMARINE CABLE SERVICES 8.15 The submarine cable program cost approximately $2 million for Operation HARDTACK. Two new 26-pair cables were in- stalled around both atolls to provide required pairs for the TG 7.1 timing and firing mission. Additions were made to the telephone cable plant to provide a minimum of 16 pairs at most off-island locations. Studies indicate that it costs from $14 to $% million to maintain the submarine cablesystem for each operation. TG 7.5 is considering microwave to back up and event- ually replace major submarine cable runsutilized to provide communications services. TG 7.5 has also recommended that TU-5, TG 7.1, conduct tests to determine the feasibility of eventuall replacing the cable timing and firing system wit microwave. Microwave has proved dependable in telephone company communications and_television applications and is portable to meet the changing requirements of test programs. 8.16 Augmentation of the Sites Elmer-Fred cable plant was accomplished byinstalling JTF-Seven-furnished telegraph carrier equipment to derive additional teletype quality channels. Installation of JTF-Seven microwave provided the required additional telephone channels. and back-up to the submarine cable plant. Both of these facilities functioned as designed, providing a high grade of communications service. MOBILE RADIO SERVICE 8.17 TG 7.1 was provided the following commercial VHF mobile type communications networks at a cost of approximately $200,000: CommandNet............ Both Atolls TU-4 (Sandia) Net....Both Atolls Rad-Safe Net..............Both Atolls TU-1 (LASL) Net....Eniwetok Atoll TU-2 (UCRL) Net....Bikini Atoll Administrative Net....Bikini Atoll 8.18 In many cases, these radios paralled dial telephone service at Eniwetok Atoll, and in other cases radios on several different nets were installed in an office to supplement telephone service. The number of mobile-type in- stallations was limited. Traffic studies taken under_varying operational conditions revealed that only a small percentage of the system capacity was utilized. 8.19 VHF-FM tactical-type military radio equipment (AN/VRC series), on loan from military sources, was installed in TG 7.5 Boat Pools, TG 7.5 Air Dispatcher nets, and TU-3, TG 7.1 nets. Approximately 200 units were installed, mostly afloat. These units provided a flexible means of communications, be- cause they could be pretuned to operate on several different nets. All nets were considered adequate. INTERFERENCE DETECTION SERVICE 8.20 Since a considerable portion of the scien- tific diagnostic data was obtained through the use of microwave telemetry, it was of prime importance that these channels be protected from interference by radar and other radio signals. At Site Elmer, a military-furnished inter- ference measuring and locating set was installed in REDWING Station 1518. This installation protected the telemetry circuits located on the adjacent 300-foot tower. A similar installation, made in Building 204, Nan, was transferred to Johnston Island during June. Portable units covering 0-300 megacycles were operated at both atolls, as required. This equipment was utilized to locate radio interference to any authorized radio facility. The interference detection team identified the offending signal, pinpointed its location, and advised JTF-Seven for regulatory action. 8.21 Considerable difficulty was experienced in bringing the older type of equipment up to satisfactory operating standards, The equipment furnished to protect the microwave telemetry lacked the sensitivity and operating efficiency of later model equipment. TG 7.5 is investigating the availability of commercial-type interference-detection equipment; it is planned that such a system mounted in a trailer will be procured for use in future Nevada and Eniwetok programs. NEWSREEL OPERATION 8.22 Although the original delineation of TG 7.5 cémmunications responsibilities with respect to the transfer of the TEAK and ORANGEevents to Johnston Island was very minor, requirements increased as program planning developed. A telegraph circuit was established between Johnston Island and Site Elmer to handle traffic during the initial entry until the projected military voice circuits were esta- blished in May. A harbor control station, using HF and VHFradio equipment, was established to handle marinetraffic. 8.23 Approximately 25 VHF-FM-VRC-18 type radio units were installed and maintain to support TG 7.1. Ship-shore radiotelephone service was provided the USS BOXERbyin- stalling AN/TRC-24- type equipment and telephone carrier to provide four voice channels. In mid-June, a requirement wasreceived to provide and install single side-band HF transmitters and receivers for a count-down circuit covering a 90degree sector between Johnston Island and the Hawaiian Islands. Emergency procurement action was initiated by the Contractor's Los Angeles Office, and the equipment was purchased, ‘PPPS L LLC EL LL ELT HHHHEHRHHHKHTHHTHHAee PART 11, CHAPTER 8