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surface burst. Basic blast measurements included the use of the
rocket smoke-trail photographic technique for determining peak pressure
vs distance. Self-recording gages obtained air blast pressure-time and
dynamic pressure-time measurements. Parachute-borne canisters measured
and telemetered overpressures as a function of time at various ranges in
free air from the high-yield air burst. Aerodynamic drag characteristics
of various full-scale and mode] shapes were subjected to transient loadings
under full-scale conditions. Crater survey measurements were madefor
certain surface shots, and the surface water waves generated by large nuclear devices were studied for effects.
One of the primary military results desired from Redwing was the
development of criteria and models for calculating the distribution of radioactive fallout material resulting from high-yield nuclear detonations. This
information'is required in both offensive and defensive military planning. A

comprehensive fallout program was designed to document thoroughly the
. distribution and nature of the fallout. This included measurements of the

activity in the initial cloud and stem and the collection of samples of fall-

out material over vast surface areas.

The analysis of all this information

produced a valid model for the initial distribution of activity and particle
size in the cloud and stem from which fallout patterns can be computed

=

under various conditions with some degree of accuracy.
To add to the present available information on probable target vulnerability, six steel industrial building structures were constructed. Some
were located on man-made islands, and were planned to demonstrate the

differences in the effect of short and long duration blast loadings on dragsensitive and on semidrag-sensitive structures. This was a continuation of
a project, the first part of which was conducted during Teapot. Rabbits and monkeys were used as test animals to gain knowledge of
thermal effects of atomic weapons on the eye. Information was received on
the portions of the time-light intensity curve that will produce retinal burns.
This information will be used in the study of blink reflex times and the

evaluation of the effectiveness of various filters and mechanical and electrical devices designed for eye protection.
;

Manned B-47, B-52, B-66, B-57, F-84F, F-101A and A&8D-~-1 type air-

craft were instrumented for blast and thermal effects and flown with a
predetermined flight path so as to arrive at the proper test positions at the
time of burst. Response data were recorded and used to determine air-

craft capabilities for the delivery of atomic weapons.

K-system radar and

Raydist navigational systems were used in positioning the aircraft, and these
systems were checked by aerial photography.
Two systems were tested for the purpose of locating ground zero and
estimating yields of nuclear explosions. These systems measured at distant

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