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There were some factors secondary to radiation exposure that might
have enhanced the development of thyroid disease in the Marshallese.
For instance, the development of ten cases of nodular goiter in the
children during or near the time of puberty might indicate that this
stress may have enhanced nodular development.
B.
Study Group 2: Hayek, Alberto, et al, "Long-Term Results of Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis in Children and Adolescents with Radioactive
Todine,'' New Eng. J. of Med., Vol. 238, No. 18, {Octcber 29, 1970).
From 1941 through 1968, 30 patients between 8 and 18 years were
treated with radioactive iodine for thyrotoxicosis. Two were males
and 28 were females.
Two received !3°T and 28 13/1.
Dose of 1311
ranged from 2 to a maximal cumulative dose of 32 mCi in two separate
doses with an average dose of 6.6 mCi per patient. Mean follow-up
observation was 9.2 years.
Recurrence of thyrotoxicosis associated with benign nodular hyperplasia was observed in only one case 17 years after treatments with
30],
Twelve of the females treated with 1311 have given birth to
C.
iat
18 healthy children. One woman treated with !3°r has an abnormal
reproductive history. No deaths, and no evidence of cancer or
leukemia were seen.
Study Group 3: Hemplemann, Louis, "Risk of Thyroid Neoplasms After
Irradiation in Childhood,"' Science, Vol. 160 (April 12, 1968).
One hundred five of the 268 were examined initially at ages 17-35.
Twenty-three nodular thyroids were palpated versus two in a matched
control group. Using statistical methods involving adding a
percentage with goiters for the unexamined group they found 28%
incidence of nodularity.
D.
Study Group 4: Hemplemann, Louis, "Risk of Thyroid Neoplasms After
[Irradiation in Childhood," Science, Vol. 160 (April 12, 1968).
At mean age of 29 this population was surveyed by mail and a total
of 7 adenomas and one carcinoma were found. Considering the
established ratio of 3:1 for clinically palpable versus surgically
removed nodules, an incidence of 3% was determined.
E.
Study Group 5:
(a) Angevine & Jablon, "Late Radiation Effects of
Neoplasia and Other Diseases in Japan," Ann, N.Y. Acad. Sci.,
114/2:823-831 (1964).
Pe
(b) Socolow, E. L., et al, "Thyroid Carcinoma in Man After Exposure
to Ionizing Radiation," N.E.J.M., 268:406-410 (February 21, 1965).
(c)
ICRP Publication #14, "Radiosensitivity and Spacial Distribution
of Dose,'' Pergamon Press (1969)